Ultra-Wideband Research and Implementation By Jarrod Cook and Nathan Gove Advisors: Dr. Brian Huggins Dr. In Soo Ahn Dr. Prasad Shastry

Presentation Outline Introduction Introduction Overview Overview Brief History of UWB Brief History of UWB Consumer Electronics Demand Consumer Electronics Demand Spectrum Overview Spectrum Overview Modulation Modulation QPSK QPSK OFDM OFDM Progress Progress Baseband Transmitter Baseband Transmitter Radio Frequency (RF) Radio Frequency (RF) Transmitter Receiver Progress Baseband Receiver Baseband Receiver Requirements Requirements Equipment List Equipment List Schedule Schedule Patents Patents Future Plans Future Plans Questions Questions

Introduction to UWB Ultra-wideband technology is a wireless transmission technique approved for unlicensed use in 2002 under the FCC Part 15 Ultra-wideband technology is a wireless transmission technique approved for unlicensed use in 2002 under the FCC Part 15 Ideal for portable multimedia devices because of its inherent low power consumption and high bit rates Ideal for portable multimedia devices because of its inherent low power consumption and high bit rates

Why Research UWB? UWB is likely to revolutionize the consumer electronic market in the near future. UWB is likely to revolutionize the consumer electronic market in the near future. Wireless USB devices Wireless USB devices Wireless communication for High-Definition devices Wireless communication for High-Definition devices UWB has the power to eliminate the majority of wires to and from multimedia devices UWB has the power to eliminate the majority of wires to and from multimedia devices

Overview Brief History Brief History IEEE a IEEE a ECMA 368 and 369 ECMA 368 and 369 Consumer Electronics Demand Consumer Electronics Demand High data-rate wireless transmissions High data-rate wireless transmissions Low power consumption for portable devices Low power consumption for portable devices UWB allows data rate equivalent to USB 2.0 (480 Mb/s) UWB allows data rate equivalent to USB 2.0 (480 Mb/s)

Project Summary The goal of this project is to complete a scaled- down version of a UWB transceiver. The goal of this project is to complete a scaled- down version of a UWB transceiver. Specifically, we will focus on the following: Specifically, we will focus on the following: Understanding the theory Understanding the theory Simulink modeling Simulink modeling DSP implementation DSP implementation RF Modeling/simulation RF Modeling/simulation RF transceiver hardware fabrication RF transceiver hardware fabrication Testing Testing

Wireless Transmission Methods Narrowband Narrowband Advantages Advantages Range Range Conservation of spectrum Conservation of spectrum Cost Cost Disadvantages Disadvantages Power consumption Power consumption Limited bandwidth Limited bandwidth Limited data rates Limited data rates Wideband Wideband Advantages High data rates Low power consumption Spectrum coexistence Disadvantages Range Power output regulations to prevent interference

UWB Spectrum Overview Power spectral density Power spectral density dBm/MHz dBm/MHz FCC part 15 limit FCC part 15 limit Frequency Range Frequency Range 3.1 to 10.6 GHz 3.1 to 10.6 GHz Sub-bands Sub-bands

Modulation QPSK or 4-QAM QPSK or 4-QAM Gray Coded Mapping Gray Coded Mapping Symbols Symbols Used for data rates from 80 to 200 Mb/s Used for data rates from 80 to 200 Mb/s I and Q I and Q 16-QAM or DCM 16-QAM or DCM Used for data rates from 320 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s Used for data rates from 320 Mb/s to 480 Mb/s

OFDM Benefits Benefits Resistance to multi-path fading Resistance to multi-path fading Spectrum Spectrum Full ECMA standardized UWB spectrum Full ECMA standardized UWB spectrum Scaled-down project spectrum Scaled-down project spectrum

OFDM

Baseband Transmitter To facilitate all of the modulation techniques for UWB, a TI C6000 Series DSP platform will be used. To facilitate all of the modulation techniques for UWB, a TI C6000 Series DSP platform will be used. Block Diagram Block Diagram

Current Progress Simulink Modeling Simulink Modeling Simple transmitter, channel, receiver completed Simple transmitter, channel, receiver completed

Simulink Simulations Transmitted Spectrum & Symbols Received – SNR = 30 dB BER = 0.0 Received – SNR = 20 dB BER = Received – SNR = 10 dB BER = 0.310

Radio Frequency Hardware Transmitter Transmitter Block Diagram Block Diagram Direct Quadrature Modulator Direct Quadrature Modulator Modulates the I and Q components Modulates the I and Q components Pre-fabricated chip will be purchased Pre-fabricated chip will be purchased

Quadrature Modulator Block Diagram Block Diagram A local oscillator will provide the carrier frequency that is desired. A local oscillator will provide the carrier frequency that is desired. Mixers shift the I and Q baseband frequencies to the carrier frequency. Mixers shift the I and Q baseband frequencies to the carrier frequency. The two components are combined to produced the RF signal. The two components are combined to produced the RF signal.

Filtering Band-pass filters are needed to prevent any spurious frequencies from the mixing process to be transmitted. Band-pass filters are needed to prevent any spurious frequencies from the mixing process to be transmitted.

Amplification Power Amplifiers Power Amplifiers Required to boost signal strength before transmission. Required to boost signal strength before transmission. This stage will present challenges regarding maximum output power allowed by the FCC for UWB transmissions. This stage will present challenges regarding maximum output power allowed by the FCC for UWB transmissions. The design will depend on the quadrature modulator specifications which are TBD. The design will depend on the quadrature modulator specifications which are TBD.

Antenna A UWB antenna will either be designed or purchased. A UWB antenna will either be designed or purchased. Several types to consider: Several types to consider: Omni-directional Omni-directional Dipole Dipole Directional Directional Horn Horn Yagi Yagi Patch Patch

Antenna Antenna design will be challenging due to the wide bandwidth of the UWB spectrum. Antenna design will be challenging due to the wide bandwidth of the UWB spectrum. To meet the FCC Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) guideline, antenna gain must be taken into consideration. To meet the FCC Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) guideline, antenna gain must be taken into consideration.

Receiver Block Diagram Block Diagram

Receiver Components Pre-select filter Pre-select filter Band-pass filter to allow only the frequencies desired into the receiver. Band-pass filter to allow only the frequencies desired into the receiver. Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Boosts the weak incoming signal to increase signal to noise ratio. Boosts the weak incoming signal to increase signal to noise ratio. Increased receiving range. Increased receiving range. For UWB, noise figure must be very low. For UWB, noise figure must be very low.

Receiver Components Down Conversion Down Conversion Local Oscillator Local Oscillator Mixers Mixers Filters Filters Removing spurious components from the mixing process Removing spurious components from the mixing process

Current Progress Initial Quadrature Modulator research Initial Quadrature Modulator research Hittite Microwave Corporation Hittite Microwave Corporation This chip only needs a local oscillator and power for external connections. This chip only needs a local oscillator and power for external connections. Problems Problems Output power is too high Output power is too high

Current Progress The FCC limit on power spectral density for UWB is dBm/MHz. The FCC limit on power spectral density for UWB is dBm/MHz. This corresponds to x mW/MHz This corresponds to x mW/MHz For the total bandwidth of a UWB transmission, the total EIRP is 39 microwatts, or dBm. For the total bandwidth of a UWB transmission, the total EIRP is 39 microwatts, or dBm. This will present a challenge in the transceiver design. This will present a challenge in the transceiver design.

Baseband Receiver Using an identical DSP board, the analog RF signal will be sampled, and then processed in the reverse order of the baseband transmitter. Using an identical DSP board, the analog RF signal will be sampled, and then processed in the reverse order of the baseband transmitter. Its function is to restore the original input data. Its function is to restore the original input data.

Functional Requirements Baseband Transmitter Baseband Transmitter The baseband signal bandwidth shall be determined at a later time, but shall be less than 528 MHz. The baseband signal bandwidth shall be determined at a later time, but shall be less than 528 MHz.

Functional Requirements RF Transmitter RF Transmitter The maximum power spectral density of the transmission shall not exceed dBm/MHz. The maximum power spectral density of the transmission shall not exceed dBm/MHz. The EIRP shall not exceed dBm. Thus, the maximum output power shall be less than 39 microwatts if using an isotropic radiator. The EIRP shall not exceed dBm. Thus, the maximum output power shall be less than 39 microwatts if using an isotropic radiator. The transmitter shall have a local oscillator at precisely at GHz. The transmitter shall have a local oscillator at precisely at GHz. The transmitted bandwidth shall lie in the region of and GHz. The transmitted bandwidth shall lie in the region of and GHz. The transmitter shall not interfere with any other wireless devices. The transmitter shall not interfere with any other wireless devices.

Functional Requirements The receiver shall be immune to other non-UWB RF signals. The receiver shall be immune to other non-UWB RF signals. The receiver shall have an oscillator that is capable of adjusting to frequency drifts, with a nominal frequency of precisely GHz. The receiver shall have an oscillator that is capable of adjusting to frequency drifts, with a nominal frequency of precisely GHz.

UWB Development Kits The first several weeks were spent trying to find a suitable development kit that would allow testing to be done on the technology. The first several weeks were spent trying to find a suitable development kit that would allow testing to be done on the technology. Five companies were found Five companies were found Two were out of our budget range Two were out of our budget range Two were under development Two were under development The last one did not meet our specifications The last one did not meet our specifications

Equipment List

Schedule

Patents and Standards Patents NumberDescription Ultra-wideband fully synthesized high-resolution receiver and method Synchronization of ultra-wideband communications using a transmitted-reference preamble Ultra-wideband antenna Ultra-wideband correlating receiver Patent Applications NumberDescription System and method for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication transceiver Ultra-wideband signal amplifier Ultra-wideband synchronization systems and methods Standards ECMA 368 High Rate Ultra Wideband PHY and MAC Standard ECMA 369 MAC-PHY Interface for ECMA-368

Future Work Baseband processor Baseband processor Increase complexity Increase complexity Research UWB channels Research UWB channels Determine maximum feasible sampling rate Determine maximum feasible sampling rate Purchase DSP board Purchase DSP board Implement synchronous coherent detection for receiver Implement synchronous coherent detection for receiver RF Transmitter RF Transmitter Find a suitable quadrature modulator Find a suitable quadrature modulator Determine and purchase hardware Determine and purchase hardware Model and Design Model and Design Fabricate hardware Fabricate hardware Antenna research Antenna research RF Receiver RF Receiver LNA Design and modeling LNA Design and modeling Determine and purchase hardware Determine and purchase hardware Fabricate hardware Fabricate hardware Testing Testing

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