Mental Health Nursing I NURS 1300 Unit III Developmental Stages Throughout the Life Span

Objective 1 Review concepts specific to health and development Health level of functional and metabolic efficiency ability to respond efficiently to stressors effective restoration and sustenance of homeostasis

Objective 1 (cont’d) Growth measurement of increase in physical dimensions Development behavioral changes increasing competency in functional abilities and skills Maturation biological plan for growth and development

Objective 2 Review Erikson’s 8 stages of development and describe how mastery of each task relates to one’s self-concept

Stage 1 – Trust vs. Mistrust Birth to 18 months Develop a sense of trust in others

Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 18 months to 3 years Learn self-control

Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt 3 to 6 years Initiate spontaneous activities

Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority 6 to 12 years Develop necessary social skills

Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role Confusion 12 to 20 years Integrate childhood experiences into a personal identity

Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation 18 to 25 years Develop commitments to others and to a career

Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation 21 to 45 years Establish a family and become productive

Stage 8 – Integrity vs. Despair 45+ years View one’s life as meaningful and fulfilling

Objective 3 Describe the major developmental characteristics and concerns of each of the 8 stages

Stage 1 Characteristics social attachment maturation of sensory, perceptual, and motor functions Concerns may develop emotional dissatisfaction with self and others, suspiciousness, and difficulty with interpersonal relationships if one fails to master this stage of development

Stage 2 Characteristics self-control language development fantasy play Concerns failure to master this task may result in lack of self-confidence, lack of pride in the ability to perform, a sense of being controlled by others, and rage against self

Stage 3 Characteristics early moral development self-esteem group play egocentrism Concerns feelings of inadequacy and guilt accepting of liability in situations for which individual is not responsible

Stage 4 Characteristics friendship skill learning self-evaluation team play Concerns difficulty in interpersonal relationships caused by feelings of inadequacy

Stage 5 Characteristics physical maturation emotional development membership in peer group sexual relationships Concerns failure results in self-consciousness, doubt, and confusion about one’s role in life

Stage 6 Characteristics stable relationships childbearing work Concerns withdrawal social isolation aloneness inability to form lasting, intimate relationships

Stage 7 Characteristics nurturing of close relationships management of career and household parenting Concerns may develop a lack of concern for the welfare of others and total preoccupation with the self if one fails to master this task

Stage 8 Characteristics promote intellectual vigor redirect energy to new roles and activities develop a point-of-view about death Concerns failure may result in self-contempt and disgust with how life has progressed

Objective 4 Describe the basic human needs in each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Objective 5 List factors which influence the client’s ability to meet physiological and safety needs Age Cultural beliefs Spirituality Self-concept Family and community resources Emotional responses to illness

Objective 6 Describe nursing measures that will assist the client in meeting physiological and safety needs

Nursing diagnoses for clients’ physiological needs: Ineffective airway clearance Sleep pattern disturbance Impaired skin integrity Fluid volume deficit Pain Impaired mobility

Nursing diagnoses for clients’ safety needs: Risk for falls Risk for injury Risk for infection Anxiety or fear Memory impairment Confusion

Objective 7 Discuss priority needs of the client Lower needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs require fulfillment before those at higher levels can be achieved The basic needs for human functioning are the physiological needs, and safety and security needs

Objective 8 Relate how self-esteem can affect the hospitalized individual Hospitalization takes away locus of control, highly impacting self-esteem