USB – An Overview Group 3 Kaushik Nandha Bikram What is the Universal Serial bus (USB)? Is a cable bus that supports data exchange between a host computer.

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Presentation transcript:

USB – An Overview Group 3 Kaushik Nandha Bikram

What is the Universal Serial bus (USB)? Is a cable bus that supports data exchange between a host computer and a wide range of simultaneously accessible peripherals. It is more than a serial port ( a point-to-point connection between a computer and a device. e.g. RS232) – a serial bus ( a connection where many devices can communicate and share connection to the computer at the same time). A single port on the back of a computer can be a window to a myriad of devices.

Why the Universal Serial bus ? Devices needed faster connections Installation & setup process to be made easy Getting rid of adapter card business And finally, to solve the problem of connecting devices to the computer E.g. – Printers needed to be connected to parallel ports - Zip drives would also use the parallel port - Modems used the serial port

What can we do with the USB ? Easy to use,plug-n-play type, can connect up to 127 devices to a computer Its speedy, up to 100 times faster than serial ports. We can connect a whole lot devices with the USB, right from printers, mice, keyboard, scanner, modems, digital cameras etc.. Something interesting : Speaker designers are now incorporating functions previously performed by sound card in speakers. Video input folks are building video digitizers to plug into USB interfaces, making video cards obsolete.

USB-Components USB Hubs: Used for connecting various devices to the USB Host. USB Devices Physical entities attached to USB. Every Device has some amount of logic enabling it to be configured over Bus. Can be Individual/Bus Powered. They can be providing only one function or Compound Functions. USB Host Central Connection point between USB and Devices on Bus. Host Functionality can be integrated on Computer’s Motherboard or separate Add-in. Consist of Root Hub (A central hub connecting USB Functionality within the computer to external devices). Bus Interconnect Connect the Host Computer, the hubs and the devices together. Consist of a physical medium, cables, the bus topology and the protocol layers of USB.

USB-Protocols Data is transmitted in the form of packets. The Host controls the transactions by giving the tokens to the devices (Polling). The tasks are governed by protocols.

USB-Data Handling Handle both low and high speed devices. Two signaling modes used: 12 Mbps. 1.5 Mbps. Bandwidth Allocation in Isochronous and Asynchronous modes.

USB-Flow Logical and Physical Flow of Data through USB Wire, Endpoints and Pipes. Data Is physically transmitted through USB Wire by a Host Controller. USB System Software consist of a Host Controller drivers which enables the client software to communicate with the USB device. USB Client Software runs on the host computer and communicates and control the USB devices through underlying layers of the USB.

Hardware/Software Interface Hardware Interface Host Controller USB Device Software Interface Client Software USB Driver Host Controller Driver USB-Flow DiagramDiagram

Hardware Interface Host Controller: Handles all interaction between host computer and electrical and protocol layers of USB Functions Handling all hardware and bus states Handles Serializer/Deserialzer USB Frame generation Processing Data sent across the bus Managing physical bus protocol Handling transmission error

Software Interface Host Controller Driver(HCD) Maps various possible controller implementations into a USB system Used to interface USB driver with Host controller USB driver (USBD) Interface to HCD for basic and generic interface to HCD. Collection of softwares routines used to manage communication with underlying hardware. “Pass through” commands from Application to device

Functions of the Interface Initialization: System & Device Pipe usage Frame Generation Resource Allocation (Isochronous data) Plug-n-play Configuration (Configuration descriptor) Error handling (Timeout, Data errors, Protocol errors)

Comparison USB1.1 Max Speed 12Mb/s USB2.0 Max Speed 480Mb/s

Summary What is the USB? Why the USB? Applications of the USB USB components – hubs & devices USB data handling speeds USB protocol USB flow USB interface – client software, device drivers USB driver and the host controller driver Comparison with FireWire USB 2.0

Thanks Questions? U mashankar S arkar B ikram Group 3 Site

Frame Generation Data Serial Data Serial Engine SOF Token PacketEOF PIDFrame NumberCRC Frame Length = 1 USB cycle time = 1ms Frame SOF : Start of frame <<backback