Intellectual Property Includes the results of intellectual activities in the arts, sciences, and industry The expression of intellectual property can be copyrighted. Includes books, songs, movies, plays, AND software

Copyright law Based on respect for intellectual labour and creativity Give rights to creators Reward creator Encourage innovation

Canadian Copyright Act Bill C-60 and amendments Includes rights To acknowledgement Of control over the form, manner and terms of publication and distribution Creator doesn’t have to do anything.

Software How does the copyright law relate to software? illegal to copy the copyrighted software unless authorized by the author or publisher no notice is required international

Software May I share it with others? Ownership gives permission (license) to use it on one computer See Borland

Software Can I make a copy to use both at home and at work? copyright act permits you to make one copy to adapt to your computer for backup (must destroy this if you sell the software) Some licenses allow this.

Software What if the purpose of copying is purely educational? No U of C has an agreement with most publishers to copy small portions of printed work Can Copy

Software What about the World Wide Web? the Web is a publishing medium copyright belongs to the creator must get permission to use it text, graphics, software, video, audio, animation, …

Software Piracy Software Piracy = illegal duplication of copyrighted software Software industry is a $50 billion a year sector Billions of dollars are lost each year to software pirates One-third of all software is illegally copied

Classes of Software by License Commercial copyrighted: read the license sold as individual copy or as a site-license Shareware try first, then pay Open-source in the public domain others are free to use it

Open-source For example, the Free Software Foundation Free software is a matter of liberty not price. You should think of "free" as in "free speech".

Open-source the GNU Project “protect and promote the freedom to use, study, copy, modify, and redistribute computer software” James Gosling now vice-president of Sun and inventor of Java As a student at UofC developed Emacs which is part of GNU project

Creative Commons Some Rights Reserved An Example license Creative Commons Website

Canadian Copyright Reform 2005 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (the “WIPO Treaties”). Internet and digital technology Rights holders will have an exclusive right to control the making available of copyright materials on the Internet. This will clarify that the unauthorized posting or the peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing of material on the Internet constitutes an infringement of copyright

Canadian Laws ISPs will be exempt from liability for copyrighted material circulating on their networks over which they have no control or authority, i.e., when they act purely as intermediaries. Copyright liability will remain with those persons, including ISPs, who post or transmit copyrighted material without authorization. Copyright Reform 2005

Music Peer to peer file sharing Digital music sales tripled in a year ~$0.8 billion (6% of industry) Physical format sales $12.4 billion

Books – digitized on Web Microsoft agreement with British Library books and documents for free Google Print books for free---being sued Amazon.com pay to view

Micael Geist Access 2005 presentation Website