Economies of the ME & NA Historical & Geographical Foundation.

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Presentation transcript:

Economies of the ME & NA Historical & Geographical Foundation

Historical Significance Religious sites: Mecca & Medina Jerusalem Other holly cities in Iraq, Iran, and Israel

Historical Significance Urbanization & Civilization: Farming and animal domestication Specialization of labor in industry Inventions: wheel, plow, armaments Development: writing, coinage, government

Historical Significance Irrigation farming in Tigris-Euphrates Valley Nile Valley & Delta Jordan Valley

Historical Significance Culture & Arts Architecture (towns & monuments) Artifacts & inscriptions Music & literature

Historical Significance Natural resources: Minerals; e.g., oil & natural gas Metals: e.g., copper & phosphates

Historical Significance Conflict Ancient times: wars resulting in the rise & fall of many empires Contemporary: Arab-Israeli dispute over land ownership, and inter-state wars (e.g., Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)

Early States Mesopotamia: Sumerians: 4,500-5,000 years ago Akkadians ending Sumerian rule in 2335 BC Babylonian emerging after 2000 BC Neo-Babylonian: BC Assyrian: 300 years after 935 BC

Early States Egypt and Canaan: Egyptian: before 3000 BC Israelite: about 1020 BC

Early States Persia: Achaemenid: from BC Parthian: after 330 BC Sasanian: AD

Early States Greco-Roman: Alexander Seleucid & Ptolemic Roman & Byzantine

Early States Arab: Early conquest: after Mohammad’s death in 632 AD Umayyad: AD Abbasid:

Early States Tatars & Mongols: Genghis Khan conquering Iran in early 1200s Hulagu Khan sacking Baghdad in 1258 Tamerlane taking Baghdad in 1393

Early States Turks: Seljuk entering Baghdad in 1055 AD Safavid: from late 1500s for 200 years Ottoman: 600 years from early 1600s until 1918

Power Cores Major power centers Egyptians in the Nile Valley Persians in Iranian Plateau & Mesopotamia Turks in Asia Minor Arabs in Arabian Peninsula & Fertile Cresent

Power Cores Remains of power cores: Iran Turkey Saudi Arabia

Power Cores Arabian Peninsula remained Independent Iranian Plateau was occupied by several powers, but never colonized

Power Cores No one power has ever succeeded in conquering and occupying the entire ME. Power cores rotated between Iranian Plateau and Asia Minor Power cores controlled Egypt, but Egypt had limited control outside its territory

Power Cores Renewed conflict in Iranian Plateau (Iran) Mesopotamia (Iraq) Fertile Crescent (Arabs & Israel)

Why is Underdevelopment? Time PeriodMajor Scientific ContributionMajor Military Conflict AD