HISTORY OF NEPAL Mrigesh Rajbhandari 500 B.C ~ 1972 A.D Presentation By

The Kirat Region History in Nepal remains sketchy until the fifth century when the Licchavi rulers began to keep records. PREHISTORIC NEPAL Kathmandu Valley

Civilization And Culture Of Kiratas (800 B.C.-300 A.D.)

c.563 B.C. -Birth Of Lord Buddha at Lumbini Palace For the next few centuries, Buddhism spread throughout Nepal. (Old monuments of Palace at Lumbini )

Tentative Licchavi Periodization Early Licchavi 330~550 Mid Licchavi 550~720 Late Licchavi 725~880

Mana Deva Shiva Deva Amsuverma Hieun-Tseng Successor of Amsuverma Narendra Deva Shiva Deva II Jaya Deva II Aramudi The Lichchhavi Period

Earliest surviving record from the Licchavis. Most of the Licchavi records are reports of religious donations to mainly Hindu temples and the language of the records is Sanskrit. Nepali Language has been evolved from Sanskrit 7th century - Interruption In the Kingdom 750 – The fall of Licchavis

Kingdom of the Licchavis, founded sometime late in the forth century male figure, standing ca. 1st-3rd century C.E "Siva and Parvati Set" ca. 5th-6th century stone

CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE OF THE LICHCHHAVIS Administration Foreign Policy Social Condition Economic Condition Judicial System Religion Literature 'Golden Age'

The Thakuri Dynastey GUNAKAMA DEV SURYABANSI ( SOLAR DYNASTY ) RAJPUT KINGS Shivadeva III

Malla Period ( AD) Jayasthiti Malla ( ) Pratap Malla Jaya Prakash Malla Ranjit Malla

879 –1178 : Newar Era 1178 – 1185 – Rule of Somesvaradeva. Middle Period 1200 – 1216 – Rule of Arimalla – Raid From the South 1382 – 1395 – Rule of Jayasthitimalla 1428 – 1482 – Rule of Yakshamalla

1482 – Nepal was split into three kingdoms Kathmandu Bhaktapur Patan

Malla Palaces at Durbar Square at Kathmandu

Malla Palaces at Durbar Square at Patan

Malla Palaces at Durbar Square at Bhaktapur

TABLE OF THE EVOLUTION OF CERTAIN GUPTA CHARACTERS USED IN NEPALESE INSCRIPTIONS, A.D. 464 through 733

The lower half of a stone slab, 33 cm. wide, north of the Maheśvarí pīṭha, embedded at the eastern side of a former city gate emplacement on the southern perimeter of the city of Bhaktapur (Fig.4). The broken top of the stele is missing, Date : Saṃvat 31 (A.D. 607). Translation [We shall never excuse him]1 who disobeys this order which is a legal edíct. Future kings [also] must give importance to dharma and do as the honorable ones [former kings] have ordered. This is the direct order of His Majesty. Here his envoy is Rājaputra Sthitivarmā. Saṃvat 31, second pauṣa śukla aṣṭamī [eighth day of the bright half of of the repeated month of Pauṣa].

Early Manuscripts

A Newari Mandala From 900 A.D.

Stone Sculptures From The Malla Dynasty

stone sculpture of Lord Vishnu

c Flag of the Kings c Flag of the Rana's Dec 1962 Adopted 12 Dec 1962

MODERN PERIOD Shah Dynasty, Unification of Nepal THE MAKING OF MODERN NEPAL Gorkha Kingdom

Prithvi Narayan Shah The Great (reigned ), Conquest of Bhaktapur Conquest of Patan Conquest of Kathmandu

KING PRATAP SINGH SHAH KING RANA BAHADUR SHAH Struggle for Power RAJENDRA LAXMI BAHADUR SHAH KING RANA BAHADUR SHAH The Expansion of Nepal

Nepal defeated in war with China

The Anglo-Nepalese War Preparation for War

(The British Army Each Year recruit thousands of Gorkhalis From Nepal to British Acadamys)

Battle of Khalanga Battle of Jaithak Battle of Parsa Battle of Geetjarh Battle of Gadwan Battle of Deuthal Nepal’s War with British

TREATY OF SUGAULI, 1815 (Current day Nepal after reduction of Nepal’s Boarder according to “Treaty Of Sugauli”)

BHIMSEN THAPA Nepal’s First Appointed Prime Minister REFORMS OF BHIMSEN THAPA FALL OF BHIMSEN THAPA

Sinha Pratap Shah Deva Rana Bahadur Shah Deva Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva Rana Bahadur Shah Deva (2nd time)

Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva (2nd time) Rajendra Bikram Shah Deva Surendra Bikram Shah Deva Prithivi Bir Bikram Shah Deva ( )

Kot Massacre Bhandarkhal Massacre The Alou Event King Surendra Bikram Shah Janga Bahadur Rana Second Nepal-Tibet War Terms of Thapathali treaty Reforms of Jang Bahadur Rana King Prithivi Bir Bikram Shah Rana Uddip Singh Dhir Sumsher Bir Sumsher Deva Sumsher Chandra Sumsher Rise of Ranas (Dark Age)

Balkrishna Sama’s hypothetical painting of all nine Rana prime ministers

The gilded copper Sun Dhoka gate, built in 1753, in Durbar Square, at the medieval city of Bhaktapur. The gate, which is the entrance to the main courtyard palace and the Taleju Bhavani Temple, is flanked by a small shrine of the Rana period. Hanuman Dhoka Palace, the old royal palace, Kathmandu

Tribhuvana Bir Bikram Shah Deva (2nd time)

King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah's Ascend to throne Bhim Shumsher Reforms of Bhim Shumsher Juddha Shumsher Juddha Shumsher and the second world war The beginning of revolution against the Ranas : Reforms of Juddha Shumsher Padma Shumsher Political agitations during Padma Shumsher's rule Reforms of Padma Shumsher Mohan Shumsher Arya samaj The Gorkha League Nagarik Adhikar Samiti: Praja parisad: The Nepali congress : The Biratnagar hartal : The Jogbani conference : Jayantu Sanskritum The Nepali Praja Panchayat : The Bairagania Resolution: Leaving the palace by king Tribhuvan: The armed revolution: The Delhi agreement: King Tribhuwan and Fall of Rana

Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva ( )

King Mahendra's early life Political situation Political reforms Tank Prasad Acharya's Ministry Dr.k.i. Singh's Ministry The united front Ministry Constitution of the kingdom of Nepal,1959 First general election Bishweswar prasad Koirala's Ministery Introduction of the Panchayat system Administrative reforms Economic reforms Social reforms Foreign policy King Mahendra

Bibliography

The End