The Exam on Monday will cover… The reign of Solomon Wisdom literature The divided kingdom Introduction to prophets Hosea, Amos, Jonah, Nahum Isaiah, Micah, Joel Matt’s review this evening – 7:00 in J112 A list of names to know has been posted on Blackboard

Psalm 100:5 KITOVADONAI Becausegood (is) the LORD LE’OLAMH ̣ ASDO (2X) To eternity (is)His hesed VE’ADDORVE-DOR (2X) And unto generation and generation EMUNATO His faithfulness

Prophets to the North and to Assyria Covenant Enforcement Mediators

Review Questions Why were the prophets called “covenant enforcement mediators”? What was the rabbinic parable? What “media” did the prophets employ?

Israel and Judah in Wider Context

Jehu Pays Tribute to Shalmaneser III

Jonah Historical background: II Kings 14:25 – Jeroboam and the looming presence of Assyria Purpose of the book – a comprehensive demonstration of God’s sovereignty God’s command to Jonah/Jonah’s “logical” disobedience The storm, sea, fish – and Jonah’s rescue by the fish Repentance of Nineveh and the lesson to Jonah Jesus’ reference to Jonah – “the sign of Jonah” (Matthew 12:39-41; 16:4; Luke 11:30) – location of Gath-Hepher

The Background for Amos During reigns of Jeroboam II and Uzziah (ca. 750 BCE) A sheep herder and tender of fig trees from Tekoa Compelled to prophesy (3:2-8) Prophesied at Bethel (7:10) – echoes of “the man of God” from Judah

Structure and Messages of Amos Oracles against Israel’s neighbors Damascus – destruction (genocide) of Gilead Philistia – selling Hebrew slaves to Edom Tyre – selling whole communities as captives to Edom Edom – pursuing brother with sword Ammon – destruction of Gilead (genocide) Moab – vengeance and hatred Judah – rejected Torah and embraced idolatry Oracles against Israel – the “day of the Lord” (5:18) Social sins Idolatry Complacency

A Threshing Sledge

Amos and the Future Visions – “the Lord showed me” and “I saw the Lord” Locusts Judgment by fire Plumb line Ripe fruit Amos in the New Testament (Acts 15:16- 18) – restoration of David’s fallen tent

Hosea Historical background – time of Jeroboam II Hosea’s marriage His wife and children: Jezreel, Lo-Ruhamah, Lo-Ammi The significance of God’s command to Hosea Israel’s sins – chapter 4 begins the lawsuit Idolatry and dependence on other gods (ba’al) – spiritual adultery Breaking covenant stipulations Dependence on Assyria and Egypt God’s response – the wounded Lover

Hosea in the New Testament “not my people” – 1:10, 2:23 in Romans 9:25-26; I Peter 2:10 “I desire mercy, not sacrifice” – 6:6 in Matt 9:13; 12:7 “out of Egypt have I called my son” – 11:1 in Matt 2:15 [terrors in the last days] – 10:8b in Luke 23:30 and Rev 6:16 “death, where is your victory?” – 13:14 in I Cor 15:55

Nahum Historical background From Elkosh (unknown location) Sometime before the fall of Nineveh (612 BCE) and after fall of Thebes (No-Amon in 3:8) which occurred in 650 BCE Fall of Nineveh in extra-biblical sources Poetry of Nahum – short, punctuated sentences – abruptness of war situation The Message Validity of the prophecy based on the sovereignty of God Nineveh’s violent end because of atrocities and idolatry