LIR Annual Seminar Dublin, 25 th March 2011

 Why buy e-books?  Explore the variety of purchasing models currently available: - Title-by-title purchasing - Publisher and aggregator packages - Patron-driven model  Mobile devices and other future developments  Archiving/preservation of content

“The entire world is moving to a market ideal of getting people what they want or need when they want or need it. Publishing is only one of many industries battling the complex strategic challenge of just-in-time composition of information or products for delivery to an empowered individual customer.” (Mitch Ratcliffe. How to create new reading experiences profitably.

 Number of concurrent users: limited or unlimited?  Usage: limited or unlimited?  Access in perpetuity or ‘leased’?  Collections or individual titles?  Value for money going forward?  Who makes the purchasing decisions?  Number of platforms you can support?

 Which suppliers? DawsonERA, EBL, ebrary, NetLibrary, MyiLibrary and (increasingly) publishers.  Tie purchasing into specific local needs.  Purchase alongside print from mainstream book suppliers.  Pay only for titles requested by academic staff or students

DawsoneraMyiLibrary  Over 100,000 titles from 185+ publishers, in all subject areas  Integrated with print in Dawson’s supplier database  Perpetual access to purchased titles  Temporarily rental of e-books not yet purchased  Short term downloading for offline viewing  Reader may print 5% of the book and copy 5% of the text  Unlimited concurrent users  Cap on annual usage for each copy owned  Over 250,000 titles from 185+ publishers, in all subject areas  Integrated with print in Coutts’ supplier database  Perpetual access to purchased titles  Single and multi user pricing models (NB: single user does not mean one concurrent user)  Can print a range of pages within the copyright restrictions of a particular title

EBLebrary  Over 100,000 titles  Integrated with print in Blackwell’s and YBP’s supplier databases  Perpetual access to purchased titles  No single user restrictions; ‘non-linear lending’ model  Also offer pay-per-view options and chapter purchases  Allows downloading for offline reading on laptops and e-book readers  Over 226,00 titles available to purchase individually  Integrated with print in Blackwell’s supplier database  Perpetual access to purchased titles  Single and multi user pricing models (queuing mechanism for single user model)  Limits copy/print to 10 pages at once, 40 per session  Allows libraries to upload and integrate their own PDF content via tools like DASH!  Also subscription packages

 Aug.09-Feb.11, purchased 1791 individual DawsonERA e-books, all of which have been used at least once.  Aug.09-Feb.11, purchased 302 MyiLibrary e- books, all of which have been used at least once.

 ,910  ,342  ,829  ,657  ,310  ,932 N.B. Excludes e-books in databases, e.g. EEBO, ECCO

 2007/08370,000  2008/09440,735  2009/10490,732

 1228 MyiLibrary titles purchased by end of 2010 ◦ During 2009, 907 of the 933 titles purchased to date were viewed online (97%) ◦ During 2010, 960 of the titles purchased to date were viewed online (78%)  Purchasing policies for different subjects: ◦ always buy e-book when available plus single print copy ◦ always buy print, and consult Academic Liaison Librarian when an e-book is available

Year purchased Number of print books added to loanable stock % borrowed by end 2010 % not borrowed by end , %16.88% , %18.95% , %26.62% , %26.33% , %24.51% , %44.01%

 Which suppliers? – ebrary, EBL, publishers like T&F, Cambridge University Press and Wiley- Blackwell  Advantages – wider variety of titles allows speculative reading by customers, cost efficiencies, value-added services  Disadvantages – similar to print, i.e. speculative purchasing, many may not be used.  Project MUSE

 Have just announced they are launching UPCC e- Book Collections, in January 2012  Collections will be sold in calendar-year packages ◦ To include front-file titles plus titles published in 2010 and 2011 ◦ Archival collections of backlist titles also being developed  Unlimited simultaneous use, no DRM, no restrictions on printing or downloading  E-books and e-journals will be fully integrated, allowing for cross-searching

 2 ebrary subject collections (subscriptions) ◦ Average cost per title in 2010 £0.47 ◦ Average cost per section request in 2009: £0.016 ◦ 39% of available titles viewed in 2010  Major society publisher, subject-specific collection ◦ purchased, one-off payment ◦ Average cost per section request in 2009: £6.13 – but this will decrease over time. Over both 2009 and 2010 it was £3.14 ◦ 32% of titles viewed in 2009, up to 55% in 2009 and 2010  Is there a level of usage that justifies outright purchase rather than a subscription?

 It is often reported that over half the (printed) material purchased by academic libraries is never used by customers (reports from the USA indicate that in some cases it can be as high as 70%!)  “As usage plays a key role in determining the value of electronic products and services, patron driven acquisition is quickly evolving as a model of choice…” Leslie Lees, Vice President (Content Development) for ebrary

 What is patron-driven purchasing?  Making records for hundreds of e-books available in the library catalogue.  Usage ‘thresholds’ convert to a purchase.  Increasingly puts customer at forefront of content selection!  Need to make collections more relevant to library customers!  ‘Just in time’ vs. ‘just in case’

 Trialled with Coutts/MyiLibrary from end May February 2010  Set up a deposit account for £25K + VAT  Identified initial file of 3,003 titles using subject profiles, to be topped up monthly as new titles released  Purchase after 2 usages  MARC records for these titles uploaded into our LMS (Aleph)  Once a title was purchased, we gave the catalogue record a different collection code  Did no publicity at all  By end February, 433 titles purchased (14% of the total supplied)

 433 titles purchased via Patron Select ◦ 87 average page views per purchased title (May 09- Feb 10) ◦ £66 Average cost per title purchased, £26 average per title viewed ◦ £0.61 Average cost per page view May 09-Feb 10  98 of the Patron Select titles purchased in 2009 were not used during 2010 (23%) ◦ Will usage continue to decline in future years? ◦ Even if that happens, is this still a cost-effective way of providing instantaneous access to a wide collection, and meeting demand at the point of need?

 Hertfordshire have used PDA since first trialled in 2007  That trial judged to be a success and PDA has since been their main model for e-book purchase ◦ Dawsonera since April 2009 ◦ Majority of the requests are unmediated  2009 presentation by Jackie Harrison, E-Book Case Study Hertfordshire, available from the NAG website

 Selected EBL as pilot partner in 2010  Initially, auto-purchase set after 3 loans ◦ Mediation done by Liaison Librarians on loans costing $30 or more, or if a title was requested 3 times in one day  By week 6 of the trial, more mediation needed because of high usage (therefore money being spent very quickly!)  By week 14, all requests were mediated  Want to develop a sustainable service model – blend of patron‐led with more traditional acquisitions policy

Key questions:  Are user-selected e-books used less often than pre- selected e-books? No. User-selected e-books are used ≈2-5x more often.  Do user-selected e-books have a narrower audience? No. User-selected e-books are used by ≈2-3x more unique users.  Are user-selected collections less balanced by subject? No. User selected collections are similarly balanced.

 Evidence Based Selection Model – new for 2010  Up-front fee, ranging from 10% to 50% of the value of the collection(s) chosen, which buys access to that content for 12 months via Science Direct platform.  Library then decides which titles to purchase and keep in perpetuity, up to the value of the initial content investment, based on usage.

 Starting 2011, De Gruyter are offering a new price model ◦ Bundle price (print and e-book) amounting to 140% of the print price ◦ Bundles will have their own ISBN, and can be ordered from retailer or De Gruyter  Sounds familiar?!  Offer applies to individual books in their Pick & Choose option, special subject packages currently on offer, and “best of” packages in their e-dition "ebook on demand" program,

 Used by some libraries in the UK, usually as part of consortia deals ◦ Content previously criticised for being too US- weighted  Bought by EBSCO from OCLC in 2010 and will be available on the EBSCOHost platform  Currently over 265,000 titles ◦ EBSCO are developing the content further

“Instead of focussing on books downloadable to e-readers or smart phones, academic libraries have created enormous databases of e-books that students and faculty members can read only on computer screens. The result … is that these collections are used almost exclusively for searching for information – scanning rather than reading.” Dan D’Agostino. The strange case of academic libraries and e-books nobody reads.

 Need to meet changing expectations of users  Life is lived on the move!  Traditional library catalogue and content is ‘static’  Publishers starting to produce mobile- friendly formats  Alternative URLs

 Launched by the University library of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU) in “Aims to challenge the traditional formats and ways of teaching information literacy by introducing digital reading lists on e- readers for the participants … ”  Collaboration with the Institute of Archaeology and Religious Studies and the Program for Teacher’s Education  The University library purchased 3 Irex, 2 Sony readers, 6 iPads and 8 Kindles. “The e-curriculum is already a technological possibility - and thus a practical reality for a modern university and its library.”

 “You don’t miss your water ‘til your well runs dry.”  How can we be sure that the e-books we’re buying will be available long-term?  Some e-journal archiving solutions also cover e-books ◦ Portico  Over 67,000 titles from publishers like Springer, Taylor & Francis, Brill ◦ LOCKSS

 OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) ◦ Collaborative initiative ◦ Humanities and Social Sciences academic books ◦ Currently 795 titles in the OAPEN Library  Provide metadata for libraries ◦ ONIX-XML now; MARCXML and CSV files soon  OAPEN-UK ◦ JISC Collections project to start May 2011 with selected publishers

“It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.” Charles Darwin

 Sarah Thompson University of York  Steve Sharp University of Leeds