Spiritual Revolution
The Story of the Investiture Controversy
I.Reform Movement – A New Idealism A. Liberation of the Church B. A New Christian Life
II. Liberation of the Church A.Duke William found Cluny in First independent monastery 2.Enthusiasm for Cluny model 3.Cluny monks rise in the church B. Attack on simony 1. Pope deposes bishops 1049 C. Pope elected by cardinals (1059) 1. Declaration of independence
Cluny Monastery, France
Speyer Cathedral, Germany
II. Liberation of the Church D. Pope Gregory VII ( ) 1. Dicatus Papae (1075) 2. Investiture Controversy ( ) E. Expansion of Papal Government 1. Most efficient medieval government 2. Prestige of popes as leaders of salvation
III. Reform of Christian Life A. Celibacy 1. Enforced by Partial celibacy for laity B. Cistercians 1. St. Bernard 2. Austere life 3. Simple, private devotions 4. Mysticism C. Theology of love 1. Suffering Jesus—crucifix 2. Merciful Mary