1 CEE Areas of Specialization Transportation Construction Geotechnical Structures Environmental Water Resources

2 Transportation Prof. A. Goodchild

3 Transportation engineering is the science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods

4 Where was your shirt made? South America Central America Southeast Asia China United States

5 Why? Because that is where they grow cotton? Because we don’t have the manufacturing capability to make shirts in the US? Because labor is comparatively expensive in the US? Because global transportation is cheap! Because the US has developed an efficient system for importing and distributing goods.

6 How did this happen? This is the result of investments in transportation infrastructure in the mid-20 th century and the deregulation of transportation rates which occurred in the mid to late 20 th century US technological innovations such as the container and double-stack trains Until recently we’ve had an incredibly inexpensive and efficient freight transportation system

7 Containerized trade is BOOMING

8 This has ENABLED globalization The United States exports and imports about one-fourth of global merchandise trade in value annually (over $2 trillion in 2000). By the year 2020 U.S. foreign trade in goods may grow to four times today's value and almost double its current tonnage.

9 Demand for goods movement is also driven by: Expanding domestic economy (population growth) Increased regional specialization Suburbanization, business locations Declining freight rates Changing business practices

10 This has changed the geography of US freight movements Much greater pressure on nodes on the network such as ports, airports, border crossings, heightened by security concerns post 9-11

11 International trade growth has burdened West Coast Ports

12 Increase in demand has not been met with an increase in supply

13 Increasing congestion on freight corridors and in urban areas

14 Increasing congestion on freight corridors and in urban areas

15 Some Consequences Congestion wastes expensive capacity, lengthens shipment times Businesses adapt in inefficient ways –Outlying locations, longer shipments –Larger inventories, bigger fleets Air quality Fuel consumption Quality of life

16 Passenger Transportation Passenger-miles of travel in the United States totaled an estimated 5.0 trillion in 2002, or about 17,000 miles for every man, woman, and child Over the decade 1992 to 2002, pmt increased 27 percent The only time PMT has ever decreased is during the fuel crisis of the 1970s

17 The Transportation Engineering Challenge To safely and efficiently move people and goods Not just by designing and building the transportation infrastructure, but by managing the infrastructure and demand for the infrastructure Design a transportation system that is sustainable

18 Infrastructure development is not the only answer congestion Provide more infrastructure Ease congestion, allow for higher speeds, encourage more driving

19 Intelligent Transportation Systems Our ability to do this has developed dramatically with electronic sensors and communication –Quantify congestion and compare congestion costs to rationalize investment –Use cost to distribute capacity rather than delay –Automatically detect and avoid dangers –Improve security –Operate more efficiently

20 Changing the way we operate Dynamic allocation of goods Equipment pooling Car sharing Dead-head reduction Appointment systems Off-peak operations Changing fuels

21 Is the Transportation Sector Sustainable? 25% of total commercial energy consumed worldwide 50% of total oil consumed 96% of fuel used by transportation sector is petroleum based Energy demand for transport between now and 2020: 1.5% growth per year in industrialized countries and 3.6% in developing countries Transportation is likely to become the leading user of non-renewable energy resources over the next 20 years (these supplies are finite) Emissions of PM, CO, NOx, VOCs, GHGs, noise, landuse impacts, accidents, congestion

22 The future of transportation Availability of fuel Areas like the Puget Sound carry more burden than other areas yet transportation projects are linked to economic development Desire of developing nations to reach the industrialized status of the West Inequities caused by pricing transportation by usage and increased transportation cost Funding future transportation projects

23 Questions? 121E More Hall