OM480 Defining the Project Parameters – Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS) (With Material from the Text Authors)

Overview Scheduling Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) Precedence Relationships PERT/CPM Activity Networks

Scheduling Project = Problem scheduled for solution Requires: –Planning –Organizing –Coordinating –Directing –Controlling gninnalP drawkcaB Forward organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling

Project Management Trade-Offs Performance Quality CostTime

© Project Priority Matrix Constrain Enhance Accept TimePerformanceCost

Hierarchical Breakdown of the WBS Project Deliverable Subdeliverable Lowest subdeliverable Cost account* Work package 5 Complete project Major deliverables Supporting deliverables Lowest management responsibility level Grouping of work packages for monitoring progress and responsibility Identifiable work activities LevelHierarchical breakdownDescription *This breakdown groups work packages by type of work within a deliverable and allows assignment of responsibility to an organizational unit. This extra step facilities a system for monitoring project progress

WBS – Key Terms Objectives: Logical division of project –“How much by when” –Tied to specifications Tasks: Specific outcomes related to Objective Activities: Individual actions within a Task –A desired result Input(s) Transformation Output

WBS - Process Break down Objectives to Tasks to Activities Strive for single input yielding single output Measurable by hours to days Present in hierarchical methods (trees) Rely on “doers” over “experts”

WBS - Precedence Sequencing of activities based on relationship(s) Categories –Technical Requirements Physical movements –Safety and Efficiency Separate from technical requirements –Policy/Preference Decisions Aesthetics, approvals, other considerations –Resource Constraints $, equipment, skills, time

Work Breakdown Structure Personal computer prototype Vendor, software, applications Mouse, keyboard, voice Disk storage units Microprocessor unit More items FloppyHardOptical Internal memory unit BIOS (basic input/output system) ROM RAM I/OFileUtilities MotorCircuit board Chassis frame Read/write head WP-1MWP-1 CBWP-1 CFWP-1 RWH WP-2 CBWP-2 CFWP-2 RWH WP-3 CBWP-3 CFWP-3 RWH WP-4 CBWP-4 RWH WP-5 CBWP-5 RWH WP-6 CB WP-7 CB ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Work packages Lowest manageable subdeliverables Level

Integration of WBS and OBS Time

WBS/Work Packages to Network Circuit board Design cost account Production cost account Test cost account Software cost account Lowest element OrganizatioUnitsOrganizatioUnits Design WP D-1-1 Specifications WP D-1-2 Documentation Production WP P-10-1 Proto 1 WP P-10-2 Final Proto 2 Test systems WP T-13-1 Test Software WP S-22-1 Software preliminary WP S-22-1 Software final version B Proto 1 5 D Final proto 2 4 A Specifications and documentation 2 C Preliminary software 3 F Final software 2 K Test 3 A D-1-1 D-1-2 B P-10-1 D P-10-2 F S-22-2 K T-13-1 C S-22-1

Duration and Activities Effort is not duration –Time spent in actual “work” Duration lasts longer –Elapsed time from activity start to finish –Imagine “NFL two-minute warning” More on specific techniques in Chs 6-8 Realities of Duration Planning –Deliveries –Breakdowns/Repairs –Approvals

PBS for Software Development Project

Responsibility Matrix

Example Responsibility Matrix: Conveyor Belt Project