World War One I.Introduction II.World War and American Society A.War B.Social Impact C.Divisions D.Dissent III.Closing Ranks A.Carrot B.Stick IV.Post-war Reaction A.Red Scare B.Crushing Strikes C.Race Riots V.The Emergence of Civil Liberties

War Central Powers –Germany, Austria, Ottomans Allies –UK, France, Russia, Italy

Social Impact Married women enter workforce : 500,000 African- Americans leave the South for Northern cities

Divisions Immigrants –Total US Pop-- 91M –Germany M –Aus-Hun M –Ireland M African-Ams –9.7M people Farmers –William J. Bryan Pacifists –Jane Addams

Radicals Socialists –Eugene Debs Communists –William Z. Foster Anarchists –Emma Goldman Syndicalists –Industrial Workers of the World

Strike Wave 6,000 strikes More than 1M workers go on strike every year Unions double between 1914 and 1920 Women stage food riots over high prices

Closing Ranks Persuasion –Worker Protections Clayton Act Pressure –Propaganda Committee for Public Information (CPI) –Bond Drives –Americanization –Vigilantism –Censorship

The Red Scare Palmer House Bombed

The Red Scare Palmer raids –6,000 detained –300 deported Surveillance –General Intelligence Division formed, 1918 –Bureau of Investigation formed Emma Goldman Ethel Bernstein Peter Blaski Alex. Berkman Radicals deported to Russia from the United States J. Edgar Hoover

The Great Steel Strike William Z. Foster <= Chicago Steel Workers

Race Riots Chicago –Causes Jobs, housing, prejudice –Toll 38 (23 b, 15 w) dead 537 injured 1,000 black families homeless

Tulsa, deaths 800 injuries 6,000 held 35 city blocks burned

Civil Liberties Abrams defendants Holmes, Brandeis, Roger Baldwin