ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Earth-Moon System Precession Tides Limits on Sizes of Orbits Phases of the Moon Rotation of the Moon Eclipses.

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Presentation transcript:

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Earth-Moon System Precession Tides Limits on Sizes of Orbits Phases of the Moon Rotation of the Moon Eclipses

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Precession – We talked about this already (equinoxes, Polaris...)‏ – Now a bit more on why... – The Earth is not a perfect sphere (what is?!)‏ – The sun is not the only source of gravitational influence on the Earth – Also very important is the moon

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Precession – Earth's “spare tire” plus tilt means a torque from the sun and moon. See figure in text, plus:

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Tides, a related concept – Depends on the idea that gravity depends on distance, and the near side of the Earth is pulled on harder than the far side (again by Sun and Moon)‏ – Follow derivation of tidal forces from text (p )‏

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Tides, a related concept

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Tidal Braking – Friction breaks symmetry, so bulge is retarded – Earth's rotation slows, Moon orbit increases – Math here...

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Limits on Orbits – Minimum: Roche Limit Balance self gravity against tidal forces – Maximum: Hill Radius Balance gravity of planet (Earth) vs. Sun – Go through the math of each on board

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Phases of the Moon – Video – Figure – Quiz – Lab Demo

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Facts about Moon's Orbit – Titled by 5.1 degrees compared to the ecliptic – Sidereal vs. Synodic months Derivation in text, similar to things in Chapter 2 P_syn = days (e.g. new moon to new moon)‏ P_sid = days

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Rotation of the Moon – Earth exerts larger tidal forces on moon than moon does on Earth – Tidal braking is more effective – Moon now locked into synchronous rotation – Issue of “Far Side” vs. “Dark Side” -- Get it right! – Lunar Librations...see next slide/video

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Lunar Librations – Earth exerts larger tidal forces on moon than moon does on Earth – Tidal braking is more effective – Moon now locked into synchronous rotation – Issue of “Far Side” vs. “Dark Side” -- Get it right! – Lunar Librations...see next slide/video

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Lunar Librations (diurnal)‏ Video: Ts Ts

ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Lunar Librations (in longitude due to eccentricity of lunar orbit, and in latitude due to orbital tilt):

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