P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Antikaonic Matter At DAΦNE: Experiments with Unraveling Spectroscopy AMADEUS The AMADEUS Project P.Kienle, TU Munich and SMI Vienna

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Letter of Intent Study of deeply bound kaonic nuclear states at DA  NE 2 AMADEUS Collaboration March scientists from 33 Institutes of 13 Countries signed the Letter of Intent

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Phase Diagram of Hadronic Matter Study of the Phase Diagram at High Densities and T=0 Using Deeply Bound Kaonic Nuclear Clusters

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Λ(1405) the Doorway to Antikaonic Nuclei Strong Antikaon-Proton attraction below the Λ(1405) resonance. Repulsion above it as shown experimentally by Re a(K - p).

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Decrease of K - Mass in a Nuclear Medium  Strong Binding by Attractive K - N Force

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Antikaon Production in Ni-Ni Collisions P. Kienle, A. Gillitzer Proc. Int. Conf. Nucl.Phys. (1996) Wilderness,SA Ed,:Stöcker, Gallmann,,Hamilton, World Scientific G,Q. Li, C.M. Ko, X.S. Fang, Phys. Lett. B329, (!994) 149 Indication of a decrease of the K - mass of ~200 MeV in a nuclear medium with n/n 0 ~ 2

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Prediction of Lightest Kaonic Nuclear Systems Strong K - binding in a nuclear medium discussed by Wycech (1986) and p-wave contribution (EXA05)

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Summary of the Search for Deeply Bound Kaonic States All experimental data are so far Missing Mass or Invariant Mass Spectra. No exclusive MM and IM data needed for proof

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Λ-p Invariant Mass Spectra from Heavy Ion Collisions. FOPI Data

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 AMADEUS STRATEGY Confirm or reject the existence of kaonic nuclear clusters by an exclusive measurement using 4  -detection of all reaction and decay products for construction of missing mass and invariant mass spectra. Use (K - stopped,N) reaction with mono- energetic K - from Φ decay produced by DAΦNE. Use the high performance KLOE detector implemented with a cryogenic gas target and a stopped K - trigger system

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Realization of the AMADEUS Project Determination of the neutron detection efficiency of the KLOE electromagnetic calorimeter Implementation of a cryogenic gas target and a K - stop position detection system Analysis of the data from K- stopped in the 4 He gas of the KLOE drift chamber

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Reaction Channels (simplified)

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 KLOE – EMC KLOE – Drift Chamber Possible setup for AMADEUS within KLOE: Cryogenic target Inner tracker Kaon trigger 6 m AMADEUS Implemented in KLOE

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Signature for ppnK - Decay decay:  ° + p + n p +  - 4 He + K -  ppnK - + n n n p p -- --

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Event Display for ppnK - Decay ppnK -   0 + n + p       p Interaction region Cryogenic target cell TPC-GEM Segmented degrader Kaon trigger K - stopped p  n  p -- --  KLOE-DC KLOE-EMC

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Determination of the KLOE Calorimeter Efficiency for Neutrons

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Monte Carlo KLOE Calorimeter

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 AMADEUS with TPC and GEM Read-out AMADEUS Setup second version

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October × cm 2  production cross section production rate for charged kaon pairs R = L  b = 1500 s -1 peak luminosity cm -2 s -1 produced K ± per month: 31 × 10 8 (80% duty cycle assumed) 40% are stopped in the cryogenic He gas target (15% liq. He density, ~ 5 cm thick)  12.5 × 10 8 K - 4 He atoms per month for cluster formation yield: 12.5 × 10 5 kaonic clusters formed in one month  Efficiency of tracking & identification K ± & detection of decay products  ~ 10 5 events per month (~ 1000 pb -1 ) 0.49 branching ratio for K ± MonteCarlo Simulations for AMADEUS with Optimized Degrader and Cryo-target

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Start Program of AMADEUS Reactions used: 3 He(K - stopped,n)ppK - 4 He(K - stopped,n/p)ppnK- / pnnK - Complete determination of all reaction and decay channels by detection of all charged particles, neutrons, and γ -rays Deduce from such exclusive data: Binding energies, total and partial widths, angular momenta, isospins, sizes, densities, etc

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Pre-experiment: Proposal to KLOE

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Detection of Reactions in 4 He of Drift Chamber

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Kaon production rate: ~ 150 K - s -1 (for L ~10 32 cm -2 s -1 ) N = L  b = 2.9 × fb -1 = 2 × cm -2 integrated luminosity 0.49 branching ratio for K ± Total number of produced charged kaon pairs for L = 2 fb -1 ~ 0.3% stopped in the gas of the chamber  3 × × 2.9 × 10 9 = 8.8 × 10 6 K - 4 He atoms For a cluster yield of we have ~ 8800 clusters With efficiency of tracking & identification of K +/- &detection of decay products reconstructed clusters 3 × cm 2  production cross section AMADEUS MonteCarlo: K-clusters in existing KLOE data

P. Kienle, IX International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, October 2006 Conclusion and Summary The AMADEUS project plans to use a dedicated 4  -detector capable of detecting all charged and neutral particles emitted in the formation and decay of kaonic nuclear clusters for a definitive clarification of their debated existence. For the realisation of the AMADEUS set up a cryogenic target, a kaon trigger and an inner tracker must be implemented in the KLOE detector