Hardware Basics Professor Pepper

Major Objectives §Microprocessor §RAM §ROM BIOS §Motherboard §Storage (CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Jump, Tape) §Expansion slots and ports §Monitor

Computer Desktop Shopping §Dell websiteDell website §Comp USAComp USA §Buy.comBuy.com

Microprocessor theory §Clock time (x mhz, x ghz) §Word size (x bit) §Cache (l1 in chip; l2 close; l3 less close) §Instruction set (categories:CISC, RISC; architectures: IA64,IA-32) §Hyper-threading §Many processors inside one processor §Many separate processors on one board §Manufacturer §See moodle’s useful sites – hardware for updates

Microprocessors on the market §Intel l i-3, i-5, i-7 l Intel Core2 Duo; Extreme; Quad l Pentium dual-core; Pentium 1- 4; l Pentium M: laptop l Celeron : budget §AMD l Athlon II X4 l Phenom; Turion; Opteron : current l Athlon X64 ; old premier l Duron, Sempron : old budget §Transmeta l Crusoe – tablet §Motorola l Power PC – MAC  no longer used in mac since OS 10.7

Microprocessor high needs §3-D animated computer games §Desktop publishing §Video editing §Upgrading later is usually not cost-effective

RAM §Random Access Memory §Lose it when computer off §Like your head’s short term memory §Main measurement is size (Gb, Mb) §More than cache, much less than hard drive §Speed (Mhz) §Has a type: RDRAM; SDRAM; DDRRAM §Expandable limits

ROM BIOS & CMOS §ROM BIOS l Read only memory to start up your system l No relation to CD-ROM §CMOS l Basic hardware path settings l Programmable l Very low battery needed §Neither usually effect your purchase

Motherboard §Traffic cop §Everything connects to it §Hard disk to RAM to CPU via bus §Motherboard chipset moves data faster §800 MHZ bus last year to

StorageIntroduction §CD, DVD, Hard Drive, Floppy, Zip, Tape, flash drive l Media – holds the data l Device - writes and reads the data Need drive bays Need expansion slots l Measures Versatility of drive Durability Speed Capacity

Devices DeviceSizeComments Floppy1.4 MBEasily damaged; Zip750 MBSpecial drives CD680 MB DVD8.5 GB4.7 single layer Blu-Ray50GB100GB in prototype HD-DVD30GB45 GB prototype Hard disk80 GB++Not very portable; quick access; possible crash Tape200 GB++Slow to read; quick to write; sequential

Hard disk - Magnetic §Notebook – Space §Controller l Serial ATA l Ultra ATA – 2 x EIDE (UDMA data transfer) l EIDE - old l SCSI – fast, but expensive §Memory §Sudden Death – backup §Speed (RPM) vs Access Time (MS) §GOOD MOVIE or Hard Disk to RAMGOOD MOVIE or Hard Disk to RAM

CD / DVD - Optical §Access speed – 2x, 24x or kb/sec §CD-ROM (read only) – just read §CD-R(ecordable) – write once ;read by all §CD-RW (read /write) – write a lot; read by few §Same for DVD, but it has +/- formats l DVD-RAM : video editing §Blu-Ray (Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Thomson, Hitachi, Matsushita, Pioneer and Philips, Mistubishi and LG Electronics ; supported by Warner Bros.)* §HD-DVD (AOD) ( Toshiba and NEC; supported by Paramount and Universal ) * * Blue Violet Rays insteadof Red LINK TO INFO ON HD-DVDHD-DVD

Solid State Storage USB Flash CardKey chain32 – 512 mb Compact Flash Card Camera8 mb – 1 gb Multi-media cardsDigital camera mb Secure Digital cardMp3 player32-16 mb Smart Media(no controller needed, but not durable) mb

Pointing Devices §Track pad §Track ball §Mouse §Pointing stick (the red knob on a laptop)

Expansion Slots §ISA – old / modems §PCI –graphics, sound, video, modem, NIC §ACP – graphics §PCMCIA – laptop l Type I – memory l Type II – modem, sound, nic l Type III – hard drive or two of the other

Expansion Ports §Device plug §Often on expansion card (in expansion slot) §Types l Serial – mouse or modem l Parallel – printer; external drive l USB – lots l SCSI – disk drive; cd rom; scanner; tape backup l IEEE (firewire) – video camera; DVD player l VGA - monitor

Monitors §Graphics card to give a boost §CRT (large, all angles, smaller screen, cheaper) / LCD (small, full screen) / Plasma (expensive) §Resolution – dp (dot pitch –smaller is better) §Viewable image size §Color depth or bit depth (true color is 24) §Graphics card

Terminology § § §Many others

Diagram

Computer Desktop Shopping §Dell websiteDell website §Comp USAComp USA §Buy.comBuy.com §PC purchase exercise §Textbook purchase exercise