Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Magnets and the magnetic field Electric currents create magnetic fields Magnetic fields of wires, loops, and solenoids Magnetic forces on charges and currents Magnets and magnetic materials Chapter 24 Magnetic Fields and Forces Topics: Sample question: This image of a patient’s knee was made with magnetic fields, not x rays. How can we use magnetic fields to visualize the inside of the body? Slide 24-1

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Magnetic Fields from Two Magnets Bar Magnets A and B are placed at right angles. Two compasses, X and Y are placed so that they are equidistant from the two magnets as shown A.) The arrow in compass X indicates the direction in which the North pole of the compass is pointing. Indicate the North and South ends of both magnets in the diagram B.) Draw an arrow in compass Y to show the direction in which the North pole of the compass needle would point. Slide 24-2

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Key Points from last lecture Three types of magnetic interactions 1.no interaction with either pole of a magnet => object is non-magnetic 2.attracted to both poles of a magnet => object is magnetic 3.Attracted to one pole and repelled by the other pole => object is a magnet Magnetic field vector from a bar magnet is a super position of the magnetic field vectors from the N and S poles: Vector from N pole points away from N pole Vector from S pole points towards S pole Field lines form complete loops inside and outside of magnet Field lines outside magnet go from N to S poles Field lines inside magnet go from S to N poles Magnetic Field vectors at a point are tangential to Magnetic Field Lines Slide 24-2

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Discovering Magnetism Slide 24-12

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnetic Field Slide 24-13

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Mapping Out the Magnetic Field Using Iron Filings Slide 24-14

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Mapping Out the Field of a Bar Magnet Slide 24-15

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Drawing Field Lines of a Bar Magnet Slide 24-10

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Magnetic Fields Produced by Bar Magnets Two bar magnets, unlike poles facing Two bar magnets, like poles facing Slide 24-12

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Checking Understanding Slide 24-13

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Checking Understanding Answer 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.E Slide 24-20

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Magnetic Fields Around Us Slide 24-21

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Electric Currents Also Create Magnetic Fields A long, straight wire A current loopA solenoid Slide 24-15

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Wire Slide 24-16

Slide 24-17

Representing Vectors and Currents That Are Perpendicular to the Page Slide 24-18

Drawing Field Vectors and Field Lines of a Current-Carrying Wire Slide 24-21

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnitude of the Field due to a Long, Straight, Current-Carrying Wire Slide 24-25

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Slide 24-30

Checking Understanding Point P is 5 cm above the wire as you look straight down at it. In which direction is the magnetic field at P? Slide 24-19

Answer Point P is 5 cm above the wire as you look straight down at it. In which direction is the magnetic field at P? Slide 24-20

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Drawing a Current Loop Slide 24-22

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnetic Field of a Current Loop Slide 24-23

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnetic Field of a Current Loop Magnetic field at the center of a current loop of radius R Magnetic field at the center of a current loop with N turns Slide 24-29

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Checking Understanding The diagram below shows a current loop perpendicular to the page; the view is a “slice” through the loop. The direction of the current in the wire at the top and the bottom is shown. What is the direction of the magnetic field at a point in the center of the loop? A.To the left B.Up C.To the right D.Down Slide 24-35

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Answer The diagram below shows a current loop perpendicular to the page; the view is a “slice” through the loop. The direction of the current in the wire at the top and the bottom is shown. What is the direction of the magnetic field at a point in the center of the loop? A.To the left B.Up C.To the right D.Down Slide 24-36

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid A short solenoidA long solenoid Slide 24-24

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. The Magnetic Field Inside a Solenoid Magnetic field inside a solenoid of length L with N turns. Slide 24-31

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Checking Understanding The diagram below shows slices through two adjacent current loops. Think about the force exerted on the loop on the right due to the loop on the left. The force on the right loop is directed A.to the left. B.up. C.to the right. D.down. Slide 24-37

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Answer The diagram below shows slices through two adjacent current loops. Think about the force exerted on the loop on the right due to the loop on the left. The force on the right loop is directed A.to the left. B.up. C.to the right. D.down. Slide 24-38

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Checking Understanding A.10 A to the right. B.5 A to the right. C.2.5 A to the right. D.10 A to the left. E.5 A to the left. F.2.5 A to the left. The magnetic field at point P is zero. What are the magnitude and direction of the current in the lower wire? Slide 24-27

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. E.5 A to the left. The magnetic field at point P is zero. What are the magnitude and direction of the current in the lower wire? Slide Answer

Copyright © 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley. Example What is the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at point P, at the center of the loop? Slide 24-30