Lecture 18: Triumphalism and the 1990s February 18, 2009

Honors program info meeting The Honors Student Advisory Panel presents: the Honors Leadership Spotlight! James Donnen, director of student services for the Jackson school and director of the competitive International Studies honors program, will be our first guest speaker in kicking-off this exciting new speaker series! In this informal discussion, Jim will introduce the wide variety of resources available in the Jackson school and, in particular, offer valuable insight into the rigorous international studies honors program—its layout, benefits of departmental honors, the application process, students' past thesis topics, and the post- graduation future of an international studies major. For those students considering applying to the honors department, don't miss this opportunity to get all those questions answered by a Jackson school insider! The Honors Student Advisory Panel presents: the Honors Leadership Spotlight! James Donnen, director of student services for the Jackson school and director of the competitive International Studies honors program, will be our first guest speaker in kicking-off this exciting new speaker series! In this informal discussion, Jim will introduce the wide variety of resources available in the Jackson school and, in particular, offer valuable insight into the rigorous international studies honors program—its layout, benefits of departmental honors, the application process, students' past thesis topics, and the post- graduation future of an international studies major. For those students considering applying to the honors department, don't miss this opportunity to get all those questions answered by a Jackson school insider! Thursday, Feb. 19th from 12:30 to 2:30, Honors Library (2 nd Floor, MGH) Thursday, Feb. 19th from 12:30 to 2:30, Honors Library (2 nd Floor, MGH)

What now? Remake the world—again? Remake the world—again? We won! Or they lost? We won! Or they lost? Failure of Soviet political model Failure of Soviet political model Failure of empire Failure of empire Failure of Soviet economic model Failure of Soviet economic model Stifles competition Stifles competition Misallocates resources Misallocates resources The End of History? The End of History? Francis Fukuyama (1989) Francis Fukuyama (1989) Western liberal democracy as “the final form of human government” Western liberal democracy as “the final form of human government” End of large-scale conflict involving large states End of large-scale conflict involving large states Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or dependent on conditions? Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or dependent on conditions? Attraction of US system depends on attraction of US and local culture/traditions Attraction of US system depends on attraction of US and local culture/traditions

US power

Bush I’s “New World Order” Twice this century, out of the horrors of war hope emerged for enduring peace. Twice before, those hopes proved to be a distant dream, beyond the grasp of man. Until now, the world we’ve known has been a world divided – a world of barbed wire and concrete block, conflict and cold war. Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. In the words of Winston Churchill, a "world order" in which "the principles of justice and fair play... protect the weak against the strong..." A world where the United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations.

Multilateralism Integrate eastern bloc into multilateral institutions Integrate eastern bloc into multilateral institutions Unite Germany, expand NATO Unite Germany, expand NATO

NATO Expansion

Why Expand NATO? Incentives for ex-communist bloc Incentives for ex-communist bloc Security against revanchist Russia? Security against revanchist Russia? Symbolism Symbolism Because it was there Because it was there Dealing with emerging threats Dealing with emerging threats Problem? Russia not happy Problem? Russia not happy

Multilateralism Integrate eastern bloc into multilateral institutions Integrate eastern bloc into multilateral institutions Unite Germany, expand NATO Unite Germany, expand NATO New trade agreements: NAFTA, APEC, WTO New trade agreements: NAFTA, APEC, WTO

What APEC is Really About

Peace Dividends US defense cuts US defense cuts Proliferation of democracies Proliferation of democracies End of (some) 3 rd world civil wars: Mozambique, Angola, El Salvador, Nicuragua End of (some) 3 rd world civil wars: Mozambique, Angola, El Salvador, Nicuragua End of apartheid in South Africa (1994) End of apartheid in South Africa (1994) Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process

The Clinton Era ( ) Continuation of multilateralism Continuation of multilateralism Optimism Optimism Unprecedented growth (US grew 27% ) Unprecedented growth (US grew 27% ) Focus on economics, unfocused foreign policy Focus on economics, unfocused foreign policy Dark clouds on the horizon (“rogue states”, civil wars, AIDS in Africa) Dark clouds on the horizon (“rogue states”, civil wars, AIDS in Africa) Democrats: peace, prosperity, US soft power Democrats: peace, prosperity, US soft power Republicans: = “holiday from history” Republicans: = “holiday from history” Future historians: The limbo period sandwiched between the Cold War and Terror War Future historians: The limbo period sandwiched between the Cold War and Terror War