On Teaching a Language1 Three “Traditional Methods” (Before 1970) zThe Grammar Translation Method: “Mental Discipline” zThe Direct Method: A Rationalist Perspective on Language Learning zAudiolingual Methodology: An Empiricist Perspective on Language Learning

On Teaching a Language2 Reactions to Audiolingualism: Two Mentalist Perspectives zThe Cognitive Anti-Method (Newmark 1966, Newmark and Reibel 1968) zThe Cognitive-Code Method (Chastain 1976)

A Functional Approach: Communicative Language Teaching (Richard and Rogers 1986, others during the 80s)

On Teaching a Language4 Modern Adaptations of the Direct Method z Total Physical Response (Asher 1972, Asher/Kusudo/de la Torre 1974) z The Natural Approach (Terrell 1977, 1986)

On Teaching a Language5 Characteristics of the Natural Approach zAlmost all classroom activities are devoted to communication. Grammar outside of class. zImportance of comprehensible input. zNo error correction, just modeling. z“Acquisition” versus “Learning” zImportance of affective factors (friendly classroom atmosphere) zSpeech emergence after silent period

On Teaching a Language6 Humanistic Approaches to Language Teaching z Community Language Learning z The Silent Way: Learning Through Self Reliance z Suggestopedia: Tapping Subconscious Resources

On Teaching a Language7 Summary of Chapter 3: zWar of Methodologies versus Eclecticism zProficiency as Organizing Principle zHistory of Methodologies

On Teaching a Language8 Discussion and Activities

On Teaching a Language9 Homework: z Read Chapter 4 z Answer Question 1 on p. 169 z Write down one thing that you learned and found particularly interesting, surprising and/or true.