William Y. B. Chang Senior Program Manager National Science Foundation and Thomas A. DeFanti, Maxine Brown Principal Investigators, STAR TAP NSF Cyberinfrastructure and Starlight Project

Information Technology Trends Basic hardware exponential growths continue Basic hardware exponential growths continue Processor speedProcessor speed Memory densityMemory density Disk storage densityDisk storage density Fiber channel bandwidthFiber channel bandwidth Growth in scale Growth in scale Clusters of processorsClusters of processors Channels per fiberChannels per fiber Distributed computing a realityDistributed computing a reality Thresholds Thresholds Terabytes of storage are locally affordable, petabytes are feasibleTerabytes of storage are locally affordable, petabytes are feasible Gigaflops of processing in lab, Teraflops on campus, 10+ TF for national centersGigaflops of processing in lab, Teraflops on campus, 10+ TF for national centers Software Software Standard protocols for computer communication Standards for data communication and storage Common operating system and programming language paradigms Commodity/Commercial and Scientific/Special High-End Commodity/Commercial and Scientific/Special High-End Major progress in commercial technology (hardware, operating environments, tools) Significant areas will not be addressed without direct action in scientific community

Components of CI-enabled science & engineering Collaboration Services Knowledge management institutions for collection building and curation of data, information, literature, digital objects High-performance computing for modeling, simulation, data processing/mining Individual & Group Interfaces & Visualization Physical World Humans Facilities for activation, manipulation and construction Instruments for observation and characterization. Global Connectivity

Operations in support of end users Development or acquisition Classes of activities Research in technologies, systems, and applications Applications of information technology to science and engineering research Cyberinfrastructure supporting applications Core technologies incorporated into cyberinfrastructure

Some roles of (cyber) infrastructure Processing, storage, connectivity Processing, storage, connectivity Performance, sharing, integration, etcPerformance, sharing, integration, etc Make it easy to develop and deploy new applications Make it easy to develop and deploy new applications Tools, services, application commonalityTools, services, application commonality Interoperability and extensibility enables future collaboration across disciplines Interoperability and extensibility enables future collaboration across disciplines Best practices, models, expertise Best practices, models, expertise Greatest need is software and experienced people Greatest need is software and experienced people

Shared Opportunity & Responsibility Only domain science and engineering researchers can create a vision and implement the methodology and process changes Only domain science and engineering researchers can create a vision and implement the methodology and process changes Information technologists need to be deeply involved Information technologists need to be deeply involved What technology can be, not what it isWhat technology can be, not what it is Conduct research to advance the supporting technologies and systemsConduct research to advance the supporting technologies and systems Applications inform researchApplications inform research Need hybrid teams across disciplines and job types. Need hybrid teams across disciplines and job types. Need participation from social scientists in design and evaluation of the CI enabled work environments. Need participation from social scientists in design and evaluation of the CI enabled work environments. Shared responsibility. Need mutual self-interest. Shared responsibility. Need mutual self-interest.

Cyberinfrastructure Opportunities LIGO ATLAS and CMS NVO and ALMA The number of nation-scale projects is growing rapidly! Climate Change

Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Field Equipment Laboratory Equipment Remote Users High- Performance Network(s) Instrumented Structures and Sites Leading Edge Computation Curated Data Repository Laboratory Equipment Global Connections

Futures: The Computing Continuum National Petascale Systems National Petascale Systems Ubiquitous Sensor/actuator Networks Ubiquitous Sensor/actuator Networks Laboratory Terascale Systems Laboratory Terascale Systems Ubiquitous Infosphere Collaboratories Responsive Environments Responsive Environments Terabit Networks Contextual Awareness Contextual Awareness Smart Objects Smart Objects Building Out Building Up Science, Policy and Education Petabyte Archives Petabyte Archives

Information Infrastructure is a First- Class Tool for Science Today

What does the Future Look Like ? Research Research Infrastructure Infrastructure People People Data Data Software Software Hardware Hardware Instruments Instruments Future infrastructure drives today’s research agenda Future infrastructure drives today’s research agenda

Instruments Picture of digital sky Knowledge from Data Sensors Picture of earthquake and bridge Wireless networks Personalized Medicine More Diversity, New Devices, New Applications

Bottom-line Recommendations NSF leadership for the Nation of an INITIATIVE to revolutionize science and engineering research capitalizing on new computing and communications opportunities. NSF leadership for the Nation of an INITIATIVE to revolutionize science and engineering research capitalizing on new computing and communications opportunities. 21 st Century Cyberinfrastructure includes supercomputing, massive storage, networking, software, collaboration, visualization, and human resources21 st Century Cyberinfrastructure includes supercomputing, massive storage, networking, software, collaboration, visualization, and human resources Current centers (NCSA, SDSC, PSC) and other programs are a key resource for the INITIATIVE.Current centers (NCSA, SDSC, PSC) and other programs are a key resource for the INITIATIVE. Budget estimate: incremental $650-$960 M/year (continuing).Budget estimate: incremental $650-$960 M/year (continuing).

Need Effective Organizational Structure An INITIATIVE OFFICE An INITIATIVE OFFICE Initiate competitive, discipline-driven path- breaking applications within NSF of cyberinfrastructure which contribute to the shared goals of the INITIATIVE.Initiate competitive, discipline-driven path- breaking applications within NSF of cyberinfrastructure which contribute to the shared goals of the INITIATIVE. Coordinate policy and allocations across fields and projects. Participants across NSF directorates, Federal agencies, and international e-science.Coordinate policy and allocations across fields and projects. Participants across NSF directorates, Federal agencies, and international e-science. Develop high quality middleware and other software that is essential and special to scientific research.Develop high quality middleware and other software that is essential and special to scientific research. Manage individual computational, storage, and networking resources at least 100x larger than individual projects or universities can provide.Manage individual computational, storage, and networking resources at least 100x larger than individual projects or universities can provide.

STAR TAP and StarLight STAR TAP: Premier operational cross- connect of the world's high-performance academic networks Mb STAR TAP: Premier operational cross- connect of the world's high-performance academic networks Mb StarLight: Next-generation cutting-edge optical evolution of STAR TAP connecting experimental networks 1-10Gb StarLight: Next-generation cutting-edge optical evolution of STAR TAP connecting experimental networks 1-10Gb Funded by NSF ANIR, EIA and ACIR infrastructure grants to UIC (and NU) Funded by NSF ANIR, EIA and ACIR infrastructure grants to UIC (and NU) Substantial support by Argonne MCS Substantial support by Argonne MCS

Who is StarLight? StarLight is jointly managed and engineered by: International Center for Advanced Internet Research (iCAIR), Northwestern University International Center for Advanced Internet Research (iCAIR), Northwestern University Joe Mambretti, David Carr and Tim WardJoe Mambretti, David Carr and Tim Ward Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL), University of Illinois at Chicago Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL), University of Illinois at Chicago Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown, Alan Verlo, Jason LeighTom DeFanti, Maxine Brown, Alan Verlo, Jason Leigh Mathematics and Computer Science Division (MCS), Argonne National Laboratory Mathematics and Computer Science Division (MCS), Argonne National Laboratory Linda Winkler, Bill Nickless, Caren Litvanyi, Rick Stevens and Charlie CatlettLinda Winkler, Bill Nickless, Caren Litvanyi, Rick Stevens and Charlie Catlett

What is StarLight? Abbott Hall, Northwestern University’s Chicago downtown campus View from StarLight StarLight is an experimental optical infrastructure and proving ground for network services optimized for high-performance applications

StarLight Infrastructure StarLight is a large research-friendly co-location facility with space, power and fiber that is being made available to university and national/international network collaborators as a point of presence in Chicago

StarLight Infrastructure StarLight is a production GigE and trial 10GigE switch/router facility for high-performance access to participating networks

StarLight is Operational Equipment at StarLight StarLight Equipment installed: StarLight Equipment installed: Cisco 6509 with GigECisco 6509 with GigE IPv6 RouterIPv6 Router Juniper M10 (GigE and OC-12 interfaces)Juniper M10 (GigE and OC-12 interfaces) Cisco LS1010 with OC-12 interfacesCisco LS1010 with OC-12 interfaces Data mining cluster with GigE NICsData mining cluster with GigE NICs Visualization/video server cluster (on order)Visualization/video server cluster (on order) SURFnet’s GSR SURFnet’s GSR Multiple vendors for 1GigE, 10GigE, DWDM and Optical Switch/Routing in the future Multiple vendors for 1GigE, 10GigE, DWDM and Optical Switch/Routing in the future

StarLight TeraGrid, an NSF-funded Major Research Equipment initiative, has its Illinois hub located at StarLight.

Commercial StarLight SBC/AmeritechQwest Global Crossing AT&T and AT&T Broadband …coming soon, Level(3)

USA StarLight DoE ESnet DoE ESnet NASA NREN NASA NREN UCAID/Internet2 Abilene UCAID/Internet2 Abilene Metropolitan Research & Education Network (Midwest GigaPoP) Metropolitan Research & Education Network (Midwest GigaPoP)

StarLight Engineering Partnerships Developers of 6TAP, the IPv6 global testbed, notably ESnet and Viagenie (Canadian), have an IPv6 router installed at StarLight Developers of 6TAP, the IPv6 global testbed, notably ESnet and Viagenie (Canadian), have an IPv6 router installed at StarLight NLANR works with STAR TAP on network measurement and web caching; the NLANR AMP (Active Measurement Platform) is located at STAR TAP and the web cache is located at StarLight NLANR works with STAR TAP on network measurement and web caching; the NLANR AMP (Active Measurement Platform) is located at STAR TAP and the web cache is located at StarLight

StarLight Middleware Partnerships Forming Provide tools and techniques for (university) customer-controlled 10 Gigabit network flows Provide tools and techniques for (university) customer-controlled 10 Gigabit network flows Build general control mechanisms from emerging toolkits, such as Globus, for Grid network resource access and allocation services Build general control mechanisms from emerging toolkits, such as Globus, for Grid network resource access and allocation services Test a range of new tools, such as GMPLS and OBGP, for designing, configuring and managing optical networks and their components Test a range of new tools, such as GMPLS and OBGP, for designing, configuring and managing optical networks and their components Create a new generation of tools for appropriate monitoring and measurements at multiple levels Create a new generation of tools for appropriate monitoring and measurements at multiple levels

Proposed iGrid 2002 Demonstrations To date, 14 countries/locations proposing 29 demonstrations: Canada, CERN, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States To date, 14 countries/locations proposing 29 demonstrations: Canada, CERN, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States Applications to be demonstrated: art, bioinformatics, chemistry, cosmology, cultural heritage, education, high-definition media streaming, manufacturing medicine, neuroscience, physics, tele-science Applications to be demonstrated: art, bioinformatics, chemistry, cosmology, cultural heritage, education, high-definition media streaming, manufacturing medicine, neuroscience, physics, tele-science Grid technologies to be demonstrated: Major emphasis on grid middleware, data management grids, data replication grids, visualization grids, data/visualization grids, computational grids, access grids, grid portals Grid technologies to be demonstrated: Major emphasis on grid middleware, data management grids, data replication grids, visualization grids, data/visualization grids, computational grids, access grids, grid portals iGrid 2002 September 23-26, 2002, Amsterdam Science and Technology Centre (WTCW), The Netherlands