1. Supreme Court case that established judicial review 2. Amendment: suffrage cannot be denied based on race 3. A 3/5 th vote to end a filibuster 4. Creating oddly-shaped congressional districts in order to favor one political party over another 5. Presidential role that includes such things as greeting foreign dignitaries and presiding over government ceremonies

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Miranda v. Arizona (1966) – Issue: Are confessions allowed if the accused have not been made aware of their rights?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) – Issue: Are confessions allowed if the accused have not been made aware of their rights? – Amendments involved: – Precedent No confessions allowed unless accused is informed of their rights

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) – Issue: If accused of a crime, do you get an attorney

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) – Issue: If accused of a crime, do you get an attorney – Amendments involved: – Precedent Anyone accused of a crime is entitled to an attorney free of charge

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) – What happens if police gain evidence illegally?

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) – What happens if police gain evidence illegally? – Amendments involved: – Precedent: Evidence gained without a search warrant is inadmissible in court

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) – Issue: can race be a factor in college admissions aka “Affirmative Action” – Amendments involved: – Precedent: Race can be considered as one of many factors in college admissions, job applications, etc.

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964) – Issue: Can business owners discriminate who they serve?

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964) – Issue: Can business owners discriminate who they serve? – Amendments involved: – Precedent: Business owners may NOT racially discriminate who they serve

Korematsu v. US (1944) – Issue: Can the government limit civil rights in times of war?

Korematsu v. US (1944) – Issue: Can the government limit civil rights in times of war? – Amendments involved: – Precedent Rights can be limited in times of war

Furman v. Georgia (1972) – When is the death penalty cruel and unusual? – Amendments involved: – Precedent: The death penalty is cruel and unusual in cases such as manslaughter Gregg v. Georgia (1976) – Death penalty doesn’t always violate 8 th Amendment

Texas v. Johnson (1989) – Is flag burning allowed as free expression? – Amendments involved: – Precedent: Flag burning is protected as free expression