KINGDOM UNITED

POPULATION England's population in mid-2008 was estimated to be million. It is one of the most densely populated countries in the world with 383 people resident per square kilometer in mid-2003, with a particular concentration in London and the South East. The mid-2008 estimates put Scotland's population at 5.17 million, Wales at 2.99 million and Northern Ireland at 1.78 million, with much lower population densities than England. The mid-2008 estimates put Scotland's population at 5:17 million, Wales and Northern Ireland at 2.99 million at 1.78 million, with much lower population densities than England. Compared to England's 383 inhabitants per square kilometer (990 /sq mi), the corresponding figures were 142 /km 2 (370 /sq mi) for Wales, 125 /km 2 (320 /sq mi) for Northern Ireland and just 65 /km 2 (170 /sq mi) for Scotland in mid Northern Ireland had the fastest growing population in percentage terms of all of the four constituent countries of the UK in each of the four years to mid Compared to England's 383 inhabitants per square kilometer (990 / sq mi), the corresponding figures were 142 / km 2 (370 / sq mi) for Wales, 125 km 2 (320 / sq mi) for Northern Ireland and just 65 km 2 (170 / sq mi) for Scotland in mid Northern Ireland had the fastest growing population in percentage terms of all of the four constituent countries of the UK in each of the four years to mid-2008.

ECONOMY The UK economy is made up (in descending order of size) of the economies of England Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK economy is made up (in descending order of size) of the economies of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Based on market Based on market exchange rates, the United Kingdom is today the sixth largest economy in the world and the third largest in Europe after Germany and France. [7] exchange rates, the United Kingdom is today the sixth largest economy in the world and the third largest in Europe after Germany and France. The British motor industry is a significant part of this sector, although it has diminished with the collapse of the MG Rover Group and most of the industry is foreign owned. The British motor industry is a significant part of this sector, although it has diminished with the collapse of the MG Rover Group and most of the industry is foreign owned. Civil and defence aircraft production is led by the second largest defence contractor in the world, BAE Systems, and the continental European firm EADS, the owner of Airbus. Rolls-Royce holds a major share of the global aerospace engines market. Civil and defense aircraft production is led by the second largest defense contractor in the world, BAE Systems, and the continental European firm EADS, the owner of Airbus. Rolls-Royce holds a major share of the global aerospace engines market. The chemical and pharmaceutical industry is strong in the UK, with the world's second and sixth largest pharmaceutical firms ( GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, respectively) [171] being based in the UK. The chemical and pharmaceutical industry is strong in the UK, with the world's second and sixth largest pharmaceutical firms (GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, respectively) being based in the UK.England ScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandEngland,Scotland,WalesNorthern Ireland.market exchange ratesGermany France [7]exchange rates,GermanyFrance.British motor industryMG Rover Group British motor industryMG Rover Groupdefence contractorBAE SystemsEADS AirbusRolls-Roycedefense contractorBAE Systems,EADS, Airbus.Rolls-RoyceGlaxoSmithKlineAstraZeneca [171] (GlaxoSmithKlineAstraZeneca,

The creative industries accounted for 7% GVA in 2005 and grew at an average of 6% per annum between 1997 and The creative industries accounted for 7% of GVA in 2005 and grew at an average of 6% per annum between 1997 and The UK has a small coal reserve along with significant, yet continuously declining [ The UK has a small coal reserve along with significant, yet continuously declining natural gas and oil reserves. Natural gas and oil reserves. Over 400 million tonnes of proven coal reserves have been identified in the UK. In 2004, total UK coal consumption (including imports) was 61 million tonnes, allowing the UK to be self sufficient in coal for just over 6.5 years, although at present extraction rates it would take 20 years to mine. An alternative to coal-fired Over 400 million tonnes of proven coal reserves have been identified in the UK. In 2004, total UK coal consumption (including imports) was 61 million tonnes, Allowing the UK to be self sufficient in coal for just over 6.5 years, although at present extraction rates it would take 20 years to mine. An alternative to coal-fired electricity generation is underground coal gasification (UCG). UGC involves injecting steam and oxygen down a borehole, which extracts gas from the coal and draws the mixture to the surface—a potentially very low carbon method of exploiting coal. Electricity generation is underground coal gasification (UCG). UGC involves injecting steam and oxygen down a borehole, Which extracts gas from the coal and draws the mixture to the surface-a potentially very low carbon method of exploiting coal. Identified onshore areas that have the potential for UGC amount to between 7 billion tonnes and 16 billion tonnes. Based on current UK coal consumption, these volumes represent reserves that could last the UK between 200 and 400 years. Identified onshore areas that have the potential for UGC amount to between 7 billion tons and 16 billion tonnes. Based on current UK coal consumption, these volumes represent reserves that could last the UK between 200 and 400 years.creative industriescreative industriescoal natural gasoil reservesNatural gasoil reserves.coal-fired electricity generationunderground coal gasification (UCG)Electricity generation underground coal gasification (UCG).

The UK service sector, however, has grown substantially, and now makes up about 73% of GDP. [ The service sector is dominated by financial services, especially in banking and insurance. London is the world's largest financial centre with the London Stock Exchange, the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange, and the Lloyd's of London insurance market all based in the City of London. The UK service sector, however, has grown substantially, and now makes up about 73% of GDP. The service sector is dominated by financial services, especially in banking and insurance. London is the world's largest financial center with the London Stock Exchange, the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange, and the Lloyd's of London insurance market all based in the City of London. London is a major centre for international business and commerce and is the leader of the three "command centre's" for the global economy (along with New York City and Tokyo ). It has the largest concentration of foreign bank branches in the world. London is a major center for international business and commerce and is the leader of the three "command centers" for the global economy (along with New York City and Tokyo). It has the largest concentration of foreign bank branches in the world. In the past decade, a rival financial centre in London has grown in the Docklands area, with the HSBC, the world's largest bank, and Barclays Bank relocating their head offices there. Many multinational companies that are not primarily UK-based have chosen to site their European or rest-of-world headquarters in London: an example is the US financial services firm Citigroup. In the past decade, a rival financial center in London has grown in the Docklands area, with the HSBC, the world's largest bank, and Barclays Bank relocating their head offices there. Many multinational companies that are not Primarily UK -based have chosen to site their European or rest-of-world headquarters in London: an example is the U.S. financial services firm Citigroup. The Scottish capital, Edinburgh, has one of the large financial centre's of Europe and is the headquarters of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, one of the world's largest banks. The Scottish capital, Edinburgh, has one of the large financial centers of Europe and is the headquarters of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, one of the world's largest banks.service sectorfinancial servicesLondon Stock ExchangeLondon International Financial Futures and Options ExchangeLloyd's of LondonCity of Londonservice sector,financial services, London Stock Exchange,London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange,Lloyd's of LondonCity of London.international business the global economyNew York CityTokyointernational businessthe global economy New York CityTokyo).Docklands HSBCBarclays BankCitigroupDocklands HSBC,Barclays BankCitigroup.EuropeRoyal Bank of Scotland GroupRoyal Bank of Scotland Group,

PRODUCTIVE SECTORS The UK economy occupies, after Germany, the second place among EU countries, and the fifth among the countries most advanced in the world. 2 / 3 of GDP are due to private consumption, the share of GDP represented by fixed investment normally fluctuates in a margin of 16-17%. The low level of investment, when compared with other OECD countries, is often listed among the causes of low productivity in the United Kingdom, the growth rate of fixed assets has always been negatively affected by low levels of public investment. The share of GDP represented by public consumption has been declining during the 90s and fell back to 17.9% in 1998 and since then has been a planned increase in public spending aimed at reforming key areas of Public Administration and the share has grown to reach 22% of GDP in As in most developed countries, the contribution of manufacturing to the formation of GDP has been decreasing compared to that of tor has increased its importance and currently represents over 3 / 4 of GDP. In 2007, public services accounted for 22.7% of GDP, the financial services sectors and the company accounted for 30% of total GDP, reflecting the traditional importance covered by the City of London and the rapid growth of branch services for businesses in the past decade. The area of distribution, catering and hotels represents 15.7% of GDP. Even the communications industry has grown rapidly, despite its contribution to the formation of GDP has remained stable (as a result of falling prices in the sector). The construction sector, which has experienced a recession in the early '90s in the wake of the collapse in housing prices and cuts in government programs of capital expenditure, has recovered quickly since 1997 and today represents approximately 6% of GDP.

MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS