Midterm Exam: Monday, 13 March In Class l Multiple choice (one mark) l Short answer (two marks) 4-5 l Some choice l Closed book

Study Guide l Key concepts and terms: things that you should be familiar with and allow you to discuss an environment and business problem l Key themes: ways of understanding and dealing with environmental issues

Sustainable Business l Governance of a company is no longer based on simply profits, but also social and environmental needs l As expressed through society’s definition of sustainable development l Business approaches reflect different levels of understanding and acceptance of sustainability

Environmental Problems l Diversity of reasons for new governance l What is impacted l How impacts occur l Interrelations among impacts (nature & industry) **No need to know what compounds are GHGs or what are carcinogenic or etc.**

Society l Why it is the main driver of environmental problems l Barriers to change l Forces for change l What and Why: IPAT, Demographic transition, Ecological Footprint, Environmental movements and communities

Technology l Physical infrastructure l Greatest impacts come from indirect support and use of products l Need to create alternatives (distributed, closed loop) to enable reduction of impacts throughout product cycle

Economics l Creating the social infrastructures that will reduce market failures l Ideas and theories that businesspeople and governments base action on l Creation of new approaches and policies l What and Why: valuing the environment, externalities, common access resources, discounting; command and control, types of market incentives, measurements of impacts; Daly rule, ISEW

Politics l Creating the social infrastructures that allow the completion of the product cycle l A range of policy, regulation and incentive options l Can be applied by different authorities l Who: governments, NGOs, business associations, certifying authorities l Why: impacts,costs, efficiencies, leverage, credibility l How: authority, publicity, social pressures