Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System
Presentation transcript:

Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lecture 3

Telencephalon - Cortex Gray Matter Somas and Dendrites Neocortex - 6 layers Sensory input ---> layer IV Motor output ---> layer V Paleocortex - 2 or 3 layers ~

Telencephalon - Fiber Systems White Matter - myelinated axons 3 types of fiber systems Commissural Association Projection ~

Commissural Fibers Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum Anterior and Posterior Hippocampal ~

Anterior Anterior

Association Fibers interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere Projection Fibers all other fiber systems Fornix Corticospinal tract Mammillothalamic tract Naming convention ~

Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection

The Limbic System Emotion Learning & Memory Structures Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Cingulate gyrus Amygdala Fornix ~

Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala

Basal Ganglia Extrapyramidal Motor System Caudate Putamen Striatum Globus Pallidus Claustrum Amygdala no motor function ~ Striatum Lenticular Nucleus

Caudate Globus pallidus Putamen Amygdala

Claustrum

Diencephalon Surrounds third ventricle Thalamus sensory and motor relay nuclei Hypothalamus motivation & emotion ~

Thalamus Lateral Geniculate Nuclei - LGN vision Medial Geniculate Nuclei - MGN audition Ventroposterior Nuclei - VPL & VPM somatosensation Massa Intermedia - crosses midline ~

Hypothalamus fighting 4Fs feeding fleeing, and ... mating Controls the pituitary gland ~

Diencephalon: thalamus Massa Intermedia MGN LGN

Diencephalon Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk

Mesencephalon Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum Superior Colliculi - vision Inferior Colliculi - audition Tegmentum

Thalamus Superior Colliculi Inferior Colliculi Tectum

Tegmentum Periaqueductal Gray - pain Reticular Formation - sleep and arousal, attention Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra - motor system Ventral Tegmental Area - VTA - reinforcement

Cross-section of Tegmentum Reticular formation Dorsal PAG Red Nucleus Substantia Nigra Ventral Tegmental Area

Metencephalon Surrounds fourth ventricle Cerebellum coordinates movements Pons Sleep and arousal Reticular formation ~

Cerebellum Pons

Myelencephalon Medulla - “Vital Centers” Thalamus Reticular formation

Spinal Cord Dorsal Ventral Gray Matter White Matter Central Canal

Spinal Cord Dorsal Horns Dorsal Lateral Ventral Ventral

Spinal cord Dorsal horn - sensory input Lateral horn - autonomic N.S. Ventral horn - motor output ~

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