Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lecture 3
Telencephalon - Cortex Gray Matter Somas and Dendrites Neocortex - 6 layers Sensory input ---> layer IV Motor output ---> layer V Paleocortex - 2 or 3 layers ~
Telencephalon - Fiber Systems White Matter - myelinated axons 3 types of fiber systems Commissural Association Projection ~
Commissural Fibers Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum Anterior and Posterior Hippocampal ~
Anterior Anterior
Association Fibers interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere Projection Fibers all other fiber systems Fornix Corticospinal tract Mammillothalamic tract Naming convention ~
Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection
The Limbic System Emotion Learning & Memory Structures Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Cingulate gyrus Amygdala Fornix ~
Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala
Basal Ganglia Extrapyramidal Motor System Caudate Putamen Striatum Globus Pallidus Claustrum Amygdala no motor function ~ Striatum Lenticular Nucleus
Caudate Globus pallidus Putamen Amygdala
Claustrum
Diencephalon Surrounds third ventricle Thalamus sensory and motor relay nuclei Hypothalamus motivation & emotion ~
Thalamus Lateral Geniculate Nuclei - LGN vision Medial Geniculate Nuclei - MGN audition Ventroposterior Nuclei - VPL & VPM somatosensation Massa Intermedia - crosses midline ~
Hypothalamus fighting 4Fs feeding fleeing, and ... mating Controls the pituitary gland ~
Diencephalon: thalamus Massa Intermedia MGN LGN
Diencephalon Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk
Mesencephalon Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum Superior Colliculi - vision Inferior Colliculi - audition Tegmentum
Thalamus Superior Colliculi Inferior Colliculi Tectum
Tegmentum Periaqueductal Gray - pain Reticular Formation - sleep and arousal, attention Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra - motor system Ventral Tegmental Area - VTA - reinforcement
Cross-section of Tegmentum Reticular formation Dorsal PAG Red Nucleus Substantia Nigra Ventral Tegmental Area
Metencephalon Surrounds fourth ventricle Cerebellum coordinates movements Pons Sleep and arousal Reticular formation ~
Cerebellum Pons
Myelencephalon Medulla - “Vital Centers” Thalamus Reticular formation
Spinal Cord Dorsal Ventral Gray Matter White Matter Central Canal
Spinal Cord Dorsal Horns Dorsal Lateral Ventral Ventral
Spinal cord Dorsal horn - sensory input Lateral horn - autonomic N.S. Ventral horn - motor output ~