DENT 1120 Related Anatomy Unit 1 Into to the Human Body

1&2 Define and Sequence of organization Anatomy- study of structure Physiology- study of function Organic- carbon- plant or animal Inorganic- mineral Chemical- atoms molecules Cellular Tissue Organs Systems Organism- human being

1 Chemical level- an atom and its’ parts All matter is composed of basic substances called elements. (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) An atom is the smallest unit of an element Atoms have a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and shells (holding electrons)

1. ATOMIC subparticles Protons have a POSITIVE charge Neutrons have NO charge Electrons have a NEGATIVE charge The magnetic pull of the positive protons keep the negative electrons attached to the atom. In stable atoms # p= # e

1. Atomic shells There are 6 shells on which electrons orbit an atom The inner shell holds 2 electron All other shells hold 8 electrons Shells are named k,l,m,n,o,p

Describe ionic and covalent bonds 2 or more atoms may combine to form MOLECULES ( the way letters combine to form words) There are 2 ways for the atoms to combine: COVALENT or IONIC

COVALENT BOND Atoms join by sharing an electron Water H2O is an example To illustrate with letters: the words never and rest would look like neverest

IONIC Bond If an electron leaves an atom, that atom has a positive charge (Now called an ION) This results in a loose electron (free electron) who may find shelter on another atom whose outer shell is not full, creating a negative charge (Now called an ion). Example: Sodium Chloride (NACL)

Ionic Bond The negative and positive ions join, held together by the charges.

Describe an Electrolyte Substances that break apart (ionize) in water and release ions are called electrolytes Acids, bases and salts are examples Electrolyte balance in blood and body tissues is important to health.

pH Ions that release H+ positive Hydrogen ions are ACIDS (low pH 0-7) Ions that release negative hydroxyl ions OH- and BASES (high pH 7-14)

3. 10 Systems Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Circulatory Respiratoy Digestive Urinary Reproductive

4. Metabolism All chemical processes in the body Breaking down phase Catabolism Building up phase Anabolism

5. Homeostasis Balance through body feedback systems Temperature Blood sugar level Labor

6. Anatomical position of body Stand erect, eyes forward, arms at side, palms and toes forward

7. Orientation terms Superior-above(head) Inferior- below (feet) Anterior- front Posterior- back Medial/proximal- toward midline Lateral/distal- away from midline Superficial-close to surface Deep- inward

8. Planes Sagital & Midsagital- right & left Transverse- superior & inferior Frontal- anterior & posterior

9. Regions & Cavities Regions- Axial ( head & trunk)& Appendicular(arms & legs) Dorsal- cranial & vertebral Ventral- thoracic, abdominopelvic

THE END Was this Unit a little fishy???