Школа-семинар для молодых ученых сентября 2008 г., «Ласпи», Севастополь Международный обмен океанографическими данными к.ф.-м.н. Владимиров В.Л. ИнБЮМ НАНУ, Севастополь Украина

Introduction The first large-scale international scientific enterprises were the International Polar Years of and , which eventually led to the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of

Introduction The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU, now International Council for Science) established the World Data Center system to serve the IGY, and developed data management plans for each IGY scientific discipline. Multiple Centers were established to guard against catastrophic loss of data, and for the convenience of data providers and users.

WDCs Oceanography WDC for Oceanography, Silver Spring, United States WDC for Oceanography, Obninsk, Russian Federation WDC for Oceanography, Tianjin, People's Republic of China WDC for Marine Environmental Science (WDC-MARE), Bremen, Germany The WDC System is managed by the ICSU Panel on WDCs. There are currently 4 WDCs Oceanography (out of a total of 52 WDCs):

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) IOC: body within UNESCO Created in 1960 Headquarters in Paris, France 136 Member States

Creation of the IODE The first formal establishment of a Working Group on Exchange of Oceanographic Data was made by IOC Resolution I9 adopted at the First Session of the Commission in October 1961, which also prescribed that: “The mission of this Working Group shall be the facilitating of exchange of oceanographic data, the standardization of forms for reporting and coding data, the encouragement of the preparation of data catalogues, and the assistance of development of national oceanographic data centres”. As from its 13th Session (1990), the Working Committee on International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange was known as the “IOC Committee on International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE)”.

IODE System The IODE system is based on functioning of the World Data Centres for Oceanography (WDC, Oceanography) and National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODC). Today the system is comprised of 76 NODC or DNA (Designated National Agencies) spread around the world.

What IODE can do for you? Capacity building for ocean/coastal data management Assist with standards for data descriptions, data quality control Assist with establishing national data infrastructure (distributed database technology, NODC establishment) Assist with developing products/services such as marine atlas, database development, online data retrieval services,…

IOC Project Office for IODE

IOC Project Office for IODE - Trainings

NODCs and DNAs A National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) is a centralized facility for providing on a continuing basis ocean data/information in a usable form to a wide user community. This facility acquires, processes, quality controls, inventories, archives and disseminates data in accordance with national responsibilities. In addition to disseminating data and data products nationally, NODCs are normally charged with the responsibility for conducting international exchange. Some Member States, that have not established an NODC, have instead officially assigned the responsibility of international exchange of oceanographic data and information to some other agency within the Member State. These agencies are referred to as Designated National Agencies (DNA)

NODC functions data acquisition/collection prepare metadata data quality control store/archive data user interface to search & retrieve data develop products/services national or regional capacity Recent Ukrainian NODC (DNA): MHI NASU Will be updated shortly to the distributed data centre and includes the IBSS as a part of the distributed NODC

IODE Structure EU IODE Committee IODE Co-chairsGE-BICH GE-MIM ETDMP chairs chair JCOMM DMPA IODE Officers MEDI GODAR ASFA MarineXML OceanTeacher GTSPP GOSUD OceanPortal OceanExpert Standards Global projects Regional projects ODINAFRICAODINCARSA ODINCINDIO Secretariat Oostende Project Office Nairobi SIMORC SeaDataNet ODINWESTPAC chair

Future: The “Data ATM” concept 2015 target: Consistent and unified way to deliver data to clients

Data Exchange Policies - IOC One is the most important polices for oceanography is the IOC Oceanographic Data Exchange Policy that was adopted by the 22 IOC Assembly in It describes the general IOC principles and policy on oceanographic data exchange and the recommended practices and associated institutional arrangements for the exchange of oceanographic data. A main part of its text is given below.

Data Exchange Policies Preamble The timely, free and unrestricted international exchange of oceanographic data is essential for the efficient acquisition, integration and use of ocean observations gathered by the countries of the world for a wide variety of purposes including the prediction of weather and climate, the operational forecasting of the marine environment, the preservation of life, the mitigation of human-induced changes in the marine and coastal environment, as well as for the advancement of scientific understanding that makes this possible. Recognizing the vital importance of these purposes to all humankind and the role of IOC and its programmes in this regard, the Member States of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission agree that the following clauses shall frame the IOC policy for the international exchange of oceanographic data and its associated metadata.

Data Exchange Policies Clause 1 Member States shall provide timely, free and unrestricted access to all data, associated metadata and products generated under the auspices of IOC programmes. Clause 2 Member States are encouraged to provide timely, free and unrestricted access to relevant data and associated metadata from non-IOC programmes that are essential for application to the preservation of life, beneficial public use and protection of the ocean environment, the forecasting of weather, the operational forecasting of the marine environment, the monitoring and modelling of climate and sustainable development in the marine environment. Clause 3 Member States are encouraged to provide timely, free and unrestricted access to oceanographic data and associated metadata, as referred to in Clauses 1 and 2 above, for non-commercial use by the research and education communities, provided that any products or results of such use shall be published in the open literature without delay or restriction.

Data Exchange Policies Clause 4 With the objective of encouraging the participation of governmental and non- governmental marine data gathering bodies in international oceanographic data exchange and maximizing the contribution of oceanographic data from all sources, this Policy acknowledges the right of Member States and data originators to determine the terms of such exchange, in a manner consistent with international conventions, where applicable. Clause 5 Member States shall, to the best practicable degree, use data centres linked to IODE’s NODC and WDC network as long-term repositories for oceanographic data and associated metadata. IOC programmes will co-operate with data contributors to ensure that data can be accepted into the appropriate systems and can meet quality requirements. Clause 6 Member States shall enhance the capacity in developing countries to obtain and manage oceanographic data and information and assist them to benefit fully from the exchange of oceanographic data, associated metadata and products. This shall be achieved through the non-discriminatory transfer of technology and knowledge using appropriate means, including IOC’s Training Education and Mutual Assistance (TEMA) programme and through other relevant IOC programmes.

Useful links More information on the Data Exchange policies of different organizations and projects one can find in the in a short review prepared by the ICSU Ad-hoc Group on Data and Information ( in the references for the SeaDataNet Project Data Policy document ( eadatanet_data_policy) in the Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning EU Network of Excellence (MarBEF) web site that is used as well for OBIS (

Useful links IBSS web site: IOC web site: IODE web site: OBIS web site: EurOBIS web site: MarBEF web site:

Thank you!