American Factfinder and Census 2000 Grace York University of Michigan April 2008

Table of Contents Census History and Applications Census History and Applications Census History and Applications Census History and Applications Census Questionnaire and Definitions – 100% Census Questionnaire and Definitions – 100% Census Questionnaire and Definitions – 100% Census Questionnaire and Definitions – 100% Census Questionnaire – Sample Census Questionnaire – Sample Census Questionnaire – Sample Census Questionnaire – Sample Special Tabulations and PUMS Special Tabulations and PUMS Special Tabulations and PUMS Special Tabulations and PUMS Census Geography Census Geography Census Geography Census Geography Data Formats Data Formats Data Formats Data Formats American Factfinder Fact Sheets American Factfinder Fact Sheets American Factfinder Fact Sheets American Factfinder Fact Sheets American Factfinder Reference Maps American Factfinder Reference Maps American Factfinder Reference Maps American Factfinder Reference Maps Data Sets and Types of Files Data Sets and Types of Files Data Sets and Types of Files Data Sets and Types of Files Data Set Options Box Data Set Options Box Data Set Options Box Data Set Options Box Summary File 1 Summary File 1 Summary File 1 Summary File 1 DownloadingDownloadingDownloading Revising Geography and TablesRevising Geography and TablesRevising Geography and TablesRevising Geography and Tables ExcelExcelExcel

Tables of Contents Summary File 2 Summary File 2 Summary File 2 Summary File 2 Summary File 3 Summary File 3 Summary File 3 Summary File 3 Geography within GeographyGeography within GeographyGeography within Geography within Geography Subject SearchingSubject SearchingSubject SearchingSubject Searching Summary File 4 Summary File 4 Summary File 4 Summary File 4 Saving and Loading Search Saving and Loading Search Saving and Loading Search Saving and Loading Search Thematic Maps Thematic Maps Thematic Maps Thematic Maps American Community Survey/Census Update American Community Survey/Census Update American Community Survey/Census Update American Community Survey/Census Update Historic Census Data Historic Census Data Historic Census Data Historic Census Data Custom Tables Addendum Custom Tables Addendum Custom Tables Addendum Custom Tables Addendum Getting Help Getting Help Getting Help Getting Help

 Survey of the United States population every 10 years  Mandated by Constitution  Purpose: reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives Census History

 Slavery last asked in 1860  Feeble-minded in  Income first asked in 1940  Televisions surveyed,  Detailed ancestry beginning 1980  Multiple races and grandparents as caregivers in 2000 Census Questions Vary Over Time

 Reflects changes in society  In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted to reduce paperwork  Grid of questions, Census Questions Vary Over Time

 Public health professionals identify vulnerable populations for chronic disease  Urban planners identify zoning, housing, sewage, and transportation issues  Social workers conduct needs assessments for services to the elderly, poor, children Practical Applications for Census Data

 Marketers target likely buyers  Politicians use the census to determine voting districts and to assess constituent interests  Environmentalists map the spread of toxic effluents and population densities Practical Applications for Census Data

 Occupation by age, race, and sex for equal employment opportunity  Librarians base collection development policy on community characteristics  Mayors use numbers to apply for federal grants.  Undercount costs money – the reason for lawsuits  Racial minorities and undocumented aliens  Should missionaries be counted as U.S. residents Practical Applications for Census Data

Outline of Presentation Census Questionnaire Census Questionnaire Census Geography Census Geography Reference Maps Reference Maps Census Data Census Data Thematic Mapping Thematic Mapping

Reference Tools Census Toolkit Historic Census Questions

2000 Questionnaires 100% Questionnaire Age Sex Race (Multiple) Hispanic origin Household relationship Occupied v. vacant housing units Owner v. renter occupied housing

Primary Uses of Short Form Data Race and sex for single years of age to 99; three groups after 100 Most detail by race (250 groups total)

Race Groups in 2000 White White Black or African-American Black or African-American American Indian or Alaskan Native American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian Asian Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Hawaiian or Pacific Islander Other Other Two or More Races Two or More Races (Based on Self-Identification)

Individual Races Some files break the Asian, American Indian, and Pacific Islander into 250 specific categories Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis Black and white races are further delineated as ancestries in sample data Racial definitions appear at: sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf

Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables Cuban Puerto Rican Mexican Spanish Various Latin American Countries

Calculating Minorities Subtract White Non-Hispanic from White Alone to get White Hispanic; then add WH and WNH to other races OR Subtract White, Non-Hispanic from total population to get total minority population Total Michigan 9, White Non-Hispanic -7,806,691 Minority = 2,131,753

New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2-3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses

Household Relationships Relationship to Householder Spouse Child Stepchild Grandchild Brother/Sister Parent Non-relative Unmarried partner is separate category

Group Quarters College dorms College dorms Prisons Prisons Mental hospitals Mental hospitals Shelters for abused spouses Shelters for abused spouses Military barracks Military barracks Nursing homes Nursing homes

100% Questionnaire Data Reports Pre-Tabulated Data Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex data to the smallest geographies, block and block group Summary File 2 – same data by 250 races to neighborhood (tract) level

2000 Sample Questionnaire 2000 Sample Questionnaire (generally 1/6 of population) Marital status, housing value and rent (100% in 1990) Marital status, housing value and rent (100% in 1990) Grandparents as caregivers (new) Grandparents as caregivers (new) Ancestry Ancestry Language Language Country of origin Country of origin School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts) School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts)

2000 Sample Questionnaire Employment Employment Industry and occupation Industry and occupation Transportation to and place of work Transportation to and place of work Disability and mental illness Disability and mental illness Veteran status Veteran status Income and poverty Income and poverty

Sample Data Products Sample Data Products Pre-Tabulated Data Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing characteristics to census tract or block group level Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3 for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract level

Special Tabulations (not on Factfinder) School District Data File (Available) Sample data for children, parents and families with school-age children for school districts Equal Employment Opportunity File Sex and race for 472 occupational groups for places of 50,000+

Special Tabulations (not on Factfinder) Census Transportation Planning Commuting and place of work data for counties, minor civil divisions, and traffic analysis zones County to County Worker Flows MCD to MCD (place) Worker Flows ow.html Special Tabulation on Aging (2004) Sample data cross-tabulated by age for people 55+ for places of 2500+

Public Use Microdata Samples (not on Factfinder) Create your own tables using raw data Larger geographies: states, metro-areas, PUMAS and super PUMAS

Public Use Microdata Samples (not on Factfinder) Races of the Arab population in large cities Education, occupation and citizenship status of people born in Senegal

Public Use Microdata Samples Alternative Software PDQ Explore > >Free password to academics > >Sample search at: Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples IPUMS (free through University of Minnesota) IPUMS (free through University of Minnesota) IPUMS

Census Geography Legal Areas Nation State Counties Cities Townships Congressional Districts School Districts Native American Reservations

Census Geography Census-Designated Areas Metropolitan Statistical Area Urbanized Area and Urban Cluster Census Tract Block Group Block Zip Code Tabulation Area PUMAS/Super-PUMAS Traffic Analysis Zones

Census Geography Map

Urban Areas b Urbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+ b Urban Cluster = Densely settled area, ,000; can be outside metro area South Central Michigan has a surprising number of urban clusters

Metropolitan Statistical Area Central city of 50,000 or more Its own county, and Surrounding counties with heavy commuting patterns

Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Lapeer Livingston Detroit PMSA Macomb Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw 2000 Lapeer Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw Flint PMSA Genesee

Detroit Metropolitan Area Detroit Metropolitan Area

MSA Definitions This is very complicated Just consult the definitions when you need them estimates/metrodef.html estimates/metrodef.html

Census Tracts Areas of about 4000 people Areas of about 4000 people Approximate neighborhoods Approximate neighborhoods

Detroit Tract

Block Group Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data

Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data

Technical Documentation Geographic and subject definitions Geographic and subject definitions Lists of tables and individual components in tables Lists of tables and individual components in tables Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country) Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country) Original questionnaire Original questionnaire

Census Data Formats 2000 American Factfinder  Prepared profiles  Data extraction to a spreadsheet,  Reference and thematic maps FTP  Transfer all data for all geographies in a county and manipulate with SAS or SPSS CD-ROM and DVD  Download more geographies at a time (e.g. all tracts in country)  Can mix and match data tables  SF 1 and 3 in Documents Center

Initial Factfinder Screen Use Mozilla on campus; Internet Explorer downloads are incomplete

Brief population, social, economic and housing profiles for the U.S. or one state, county, place, zip codes and census tracts in 2000; fewer geographies for the latest American Community Survey Fact Sheets

Search by all or part of address. Choose geographic result. Click on MORE to see one of four profiles. Fact Sheets

Same geography but also includes more detail, maps and comparative data People/Housing Fact Sheets

Maps and table types are coded with icons Population/Housing Fact Sheets

Geographic Area Geographic Area If you know the geographic area or proceed directly to DATA SETS If you need to determine the geographic area, go to ADDRESS SEARCH

Address Searching Address Searching Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract, block group, block number, and map

Address Searching Address Searching Choose the Reference Map from your search results

Address Map

Changing Boundaries

Revised Map Move map around to choose block groups and census tracts in neighborhood.

Example of a Neighborhood Tract 5240; 5241-BG 2, and 5242-BG 1&2 (It is much easier to retrieve data if your neighborhood has whole tracts, e.g.5240, 5241, 5242)

Another Search Click on Geography to Change to Another Search

Place Name Searching BEST option for mapping  States  Counties  Cities  Townships  Villages

Name Search

Altering Map Place boundaries in green. You may need to add census geographies on your own.

Reading Tract Numbers Sometimes you have to zoom in to read all of the tract numbers.

Downloading Maps Use Download command to download in pdf format Left click on mouse to download in gif format

Data Sets Once you’ve determined geography and used Basic Facts, go to DATA SETS for the detail

2000 and 1990 Census Most detailed demographic and housing data American Community Survey Updates of sample data for counties and places of 65,000+ Population Estimates Annual state and county population estimates. Totals only - no race or age. Data Sets Includes Five Types of Files

Economic Census Business payrolls and sales for all types of industries for the nation, states, counties, large cities and zip codes Annual Economic Data Annual Survey of Manufactures, County Business Patterns, and Nonemployer Statistics. Data Sets Includes Five Types of Files

Listing of Data Sets The default display are files from the 2000 and 1990 Census

Data Files for 2000 Summary File 1: 100% Summary File 1: 100% Race, sex, age, households and families, housing tenureRace, sex, age, households and families, housing tenure Summary File 2: 100% Summary File 2: 100% Detailed cross classifications by type of Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total)Detailed cross classifications by type of Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian subcategory (about 250 total)

Data Files for 2000 Summary File 3: Sample Summary File 3: Sample Income, language, ethnicity, occupation, commuting, housing value and rentIncome, language, ethnicity, occupation, commuting, housing value and rent Summary File 4: Sample Summary File 4: Sample Detailed cross classifications by race and ethnicityDetailed cross classifications by race and ethnicity STF4 in 1990 not on FactfinderSTF4 in 1990 not on Factfinder

Data Sets Option Box Options box aligns with checked data set

Options for Data Set Detailed Tables = most data for most places Detailed Tables = most data for most places Download one entire table at a time Custom Tables = may mix and match variables in several tables, then sort and filter Custom Tables = may mix and match variables in several tables, then sort and filter If over 10 variables, use Detailed Tables and manipulate with Excel

Options for Data Set Quick Tables = brief data for one named place Quick Tables = brief data for one named place Same as Basic Facts but includes tract data Geographic Comparison Tables = brief data for all tracts in county, counties in state, states in U.S. Geographic Comparison Tables = brief data for all tracts in county, counties in state, states in U.S.

Options for Data Set Technical Documentation = definitions, lists of tables, interpretation of codes Technical Documentation = definitions, lists of tables, interpretation of codes Thematic Maps = subject maps Thematic Maps = subject maps

Summary File 1 Most data by age, race, sex, households, group quarters down to block level Most data by age, race, sex, households, group quarters down to block level

Detailed Tables Geography Default is LIST geography. Others include name search, address search, and geography within geography.

Detailed Tables Geography You can choose All states All counties in a state All tracts in a county All 5 digit zip codes in a 3-digit zip code All block groups in a tract All blocks in a block group. To choose all 5 digit zip codes or tracts in state, block groups in city, use Geography within Geography

Detailed Tables Geography 1.Choose lowest level of geography you want 2.Follow pop-up menus to choose place 3.Once you select a geographic area, be sure to add it

The default for Detailed Tables is the List of All Tables. List of Tables - SF1

Population (P) Tables by Subject Race Race Age Age Households by Age, Type, and Relationship Households by Age, Type, and Relationship Families and Family Type Families and Family Type Group Quarters Group Quarters Imputations of data when questionnaire not answered Imputations of data when questionnaire not answered

Housing (H) Tables Clustered by Subject Housing Units (occupied and vacant) Housing Units (occupied and vacant) Occupied Housing Units by race and household size Occupied Housing Units by race and household size Owner/Renter Occupied by Race Owner/Renter Occupied by Race Imputations of data when questionnaires not answered Imputations of data when questionnaires not answered

PCT Tables Clustered by Subject American Native Tribes Asian Races (e.g. Asian Indian, Hmong) Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Races Hispanic Origin Details (e.g. Cuban) Single years of age by race to 99; three groups over 100 Unmarried partners Nonrelatives by household type (foster child, boarder) and race Group quarters population by age, race, sex and type (dorm, prison)

To preview a table, highlight it and click on What’s This? List of Tables - SF1

We’re choosing P12 – sex by age; we know it won’t be as detailed as PCT but could give data to the block level List of Tables - SF1

Detailed Spreadsheet and Geocodes Options include Geographic and Other FIPS Codes

Detailed Spreadsheet and Printing Use print button or web browser for printing When result is multiple pages, you will need to print each page individually

Detailed Spreadsheet and Downloading Options ALWAYS use Factfinder’s button for downloading data On campus, use Mozilla browser. Internet Explorer downloads are incomplete

Downloading Options Comma, tab, rtf, zipped Downloading Options Comma, tab, rtf, zipped Comma-delimited spreadsheets easily export to EXCEL You can also transpose rows and columns Default is downloading entire spreadsheet Data compatible formats are zipped; no English headers

Detailed Tables Revising Geography Change Geography Using a Breadcrumb

Detailed Tables Revising Geography REMOVE all counties except Washtenaw or ADD state of Michigan You cannot change tables at this point.

Detailed Tables Revising Tables Once you show the new geography, you can change TABLES. Once you show the new geography, you can change TABLES.

Detailed Tables Revising Tables Remove the old table by highlighting it and pressing the remove button. Remove the old table by highlighting it and pressing the remove button.

Detailed Tables Keyword Searching You can search by using multiple terms

Keyword Searching PCT Tables have single years of age

Multiple Table Spreadsheet Although the spreadsheet has nine tables, they are separate tables Although the spreadsheet has nine tables, they are separate tables You must combine them with a spreadsheet program You must combine them with a spreadsheet program

Excel Assistance For assistance in using Excel see Includes manipulating spreadsheets, transposing rows and columns, filtering, ranking, and converting pdf to Excel

b Age, sex, households, families, and owner v. rented occupied housing units b State, counties, places, MSAs, and census tracts b For 250 races; e.g. single years of age by sex for the Pakistani population rather than the Asian population at large b Brief guide available at: Summary File 2

2000 is the first time for this file on format other than magnetic tape There are limits for racial data – must have 100 or more people of race in the geographic area Summary File 2

Summary File Mark Box with Summary File 2

Summary File 2 – Geography Choose geography

Summary File 2 – Subject Choose Table

Summary File Choose race or races

Summary File Results handle multiple races as separate tables

Summary File Most social and economic characteristics for the smallest geographic areas

Summary File 3-Subjects Ancestry Education and school enrollment Commuting, occupation, industry Income and poverty Disability and veteran status Housing value, rent, mortgages Race and household status

Geography Within Geography Default List View Choose one indentation down from the previous geography, e.g. tracts in county, 5-digit zip codes within a 3-digit zip code

Geography Within Geography Choose Geo within Geo for best mass- downloading options

Geography Within Geography Choose the SMALLEST geography you want; then the LARGEST geography you want; then follow instructions

Summary File 3 List of Tables P – Population Tables to Block Group Level P 1-93 Sample data for total population P Imputations P Sample data by race

Summary File 3 List of Tables H – Housing Tables to Block Group Level H 1-98 Sample data for total population H Imputations Note: no sample housing tables by race at the block group level

Summary File 3 List of Tables PCT – Population Tables to Tracts PCT 1-76 – very detailed sample data broken down by race; includes ancestry as separate categories but does not break other data down by ancestry HCT – Housing Tables to Tracts HCT 1-48 – very detailed housing sample data broken down by race but not ancestry

Summary File 3 Subject Search Highlight a subject (e.g. commuting) and search Results include all tables where the subject is a variable Choose P30 and P31; Add; Show Table

Summary File 3

Summary File 3 Ancestry Primarily countries with which white and some black races identify Tables PCT 16, 17, and 18 List of Ancestries

Summary File 3 Ancestry Ancestry is another tract only variable

Summary File 3 Occupation Industry = where you work Occupation = what you do

Summary File 3 Educational Attainment Population over 25 is counted Data is not cumulative; Even though high school graduation rate may be 0%, people who completed bachelors or masters completed high school as well Main table is P37 Table by race is P148 Many tables in this data set are split so racial breakdowns appear in a later number

Summary File 3 Educational Attainment

Summary File 3 Disability Disabilities count overall limitations, not individual diseases Sensory Physical Mental Self-care Go outside the home Employment

Summary File 3 Disability

Summary File 3 Rent Contract rent = amount paid to landlord Gross rent = amount paid to landlord AND amount for utilities

Summary File 3 Labor Force Labor Force = either have a job or are looking for a job Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or want one (e.g. retiree) Unemployed = in labor force but don’t have job

Summary File 3 Labor Force

Summary File 3 Income Income calculated for households (related, unrelated, single), families (related), and individuals Income includes salaries, interest, social security, retirement, public assistance Median means half earn below and half earn above Aggregate means all of the income in that geographic area

Summary File 3 Income

Summary File 3 Poverty Calculated variable based on income, size of family, and federal poverty guidelines Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at: hstpov1.html hstpov1.html Example of ratio of income to poverty Poverty for one person in 1999 was $8501 Under.50 = earned less than $4250 Earned 1.5 of poverty=$12751

Summary File 3 Poverty

Summary File Sample data for 350 races and ancestries

Summary File List geography shows county, city, tract levels

Summary File Subject search for poverty by by age

Summary File Use ancestry tab for Arab; race and ancestry can be mixed in same operation

Summary File Result is two tables: total population and ethnic population.

CUSTOM TABLES (Available for SF1-4) Allows you to pick elements you want from a table Better for comparing less than 10 variables Filter and sort spreadsheet options similar to EXCEL Tips for Using Custom Tables Easier to download entire tables and manipulate with EXCEL

Saving Your Query When conducting a large project, you may want to save your query by pulling down the Print/Download menu.

Saving Query The file on your hard drive will have an xql extension.

Loading Query You can load your query again from the main Data Files menu.

Loading Query

The result will gave you the last table you looked at.

Thematic maps can be accessed through Data Sets for Summary File 1 and 3. Thematic Maps

Thematic Maps Choosing New Geography You can choose a map through the List method, using the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want (e.g. Wayne County, Mich)

Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject) You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list Not all Census variables are represented In this case, race appears in SF1 maps; ancestry in SF3 maps

Thematic Maps Choosing Theme (Subject)

Thematic Maps Changing Geographic Display The default for a county is county subdivision The default for a county is county subdivision This can be changed to census tract or BG This can be changed to census tract or BG

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map at tract level. You can change the display by choosing DATA CLASSES.

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Natural breaks = equal number of people counted Equal interval means equal percent intervals

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level This is probably more accurate. Click on legend to add geographic boundaries

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Click on legend to add geographic boundaries

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Same map with tract numbers

Thematic Maps Same Map – Tract Level Use identify button and click on map to obtain data

Thematic Maps Limitations of Factfinder Maps Only pre-selected variables; not entire data set Only pre-selected variables; not entire data set Maps download as gifs (pictures); the download feature does not work Maps download as gifs (pictures); the download feature does not work Maps cannot be exported into another program Maps cannot be exported into another program Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. showing layers Maps can not be manipulated, e.g. showing layers Geolytics allows you to create your own variables and import them into Arcview Geolytics allows you to create your own variables and import them into Arcview Geolytics

American Community Survey Annual survey of Census topics Annual survey of Census topics Access through Data Sets Access through Data Sets U.S. States, Counties, County Groups (PUMAS) and U.S. States, Counties, County Groups (PUMAS) and Places of 65,000+

American Community Survey

Historic Census Publications Printed publications since 1790 Printed publications since 1790 Most printed also available in pdf Most printed also available in pdf Some extraction capabilities through the National Historic Geographic Information System Some extraction capabilities through the National Historic Geographic Information System For a full list of data available see: For a full list of data available see:

CUSTOM TABLES (Available for SF1-4) Allows you to pick elements you want from a table Better for comparing less than 10 variables Filter and sort spreadsheet options similar to EXCEL

CUSTOM TABLES Geography Choose geography the same way as regular tables

CUSTOM TABLES Subjects Select a table and press GO.

CUSTOM TABLES Subjects Check off data elements and ADD. You can choose from multiple tables

CUSTOM TABLES Filters. It is more efficient to choose a filter first – if you know you want one – rather than choosing a race or ancestry

CUSTOM TABLES Filters Males with PhDs greater than 0

CUSTOM TABLES Race or Ancestry Then choose Population Group for race or ancestry

CUSTOM TABLES Race or Ancestry You can only choose one ancestry or racial group in custom tables. You could have chosen multiples with detailed tables. 350 races/ancestries is unique to Summary File 4

CUSTOM TABLES

Getting Census Help Documents Center 203 Hatcher Library North, (734) , Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State Data Center program. Assistance with American Factfinder, Census CD- ROMS.Paper tract maps of Michigan. Referrals to other sources. Census 2000 web page