Processes Part 1. Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages Complete Incomplete.

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Presentation transcript:

Processes Part 1

Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages Complete Incomplete

Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages Complete –Consonant Singling: ladder latter written running follow –Initial kn and gn: know, knee, gnat

Processes Historical processes which have left their mark on the languages Complete Incomplete –FOOT-STRUT Split : butch, put, much, stuff, love, country cushion, discussion – BATH-TRAP Split: bath, math pass, mass “Incomplete” but FINISHED!

Wells Chapter 3 Middle English Wells 3.2 British prestige innovations Wells 3.3 Some American innvoations Wells 3.4 Later British innvoations "The Great Divide" Wells 3.1 Residualisms

Wells 1.3. Residualisms residue: remains, leavings, leyfar, eftirstöðvar processes which are completed in most dialects, but have not have occurred in all

Wells: Residualisms Great Vowel Shift NG Coalescence Velar Fricative Long Mid Mergers Fleece Merger

3.1.1.Great Vowel Shift

tide sweet clean name house moon stone

tíd swét clæn nama hús móna stán ´

tide sweet clean name house moon stone

tide sweet clean name house moon stone

Effects of GVS 1.Spelling: relation of “long” and “short” vowels bit – bite, rat – rate, pen – green, rod – rode, cut - cute 2.Some words waver: privacy, patriot, lever 3.Morphology: divine, divinity, serene, serenity profane, profanity, nation national Trisyllabic Shortening: stressed long vowel→ short /_CVCV 4.Various other relationships such as bite-bitten, divide-division, keep-kept 5.Dialectally: difference between GVS North and South

Great Vowel Shift: South

Great Vowel Shift: North

also called “G Deletion” Not in Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool Hypercorrections: loss in finger, longer Generalised NG coalescence in parts of Scotland and Ulster Variably generalised in certain words elsewhere: English, language etc Orangutan?

right eight brought daughter through < riht eahta broht dohtor þurh borough Edinburh, cough rough laugh Sometimes causes lengthening Some retension in Traditional-dialect; but the local accent with the standard form usually exists.

tide sweet clean name

tide sweet clean name

Click for Processes Part 2