1 Work and Heat 功與熱

2 功 dW = F × dL W = F ×  LdW = F × dL W = F ×  L 對於汽缸與活塞組合之裝置 對於汽缸與活塞組合之裝置 P = F / A ； F = PAP = F / A ； F = PA dW = PA × dL = P × dV if P  f(V), then W = P ×  VdW = PA × dL = P × dV if P  f(V), then W = P ×  V

3 熱 Joule’s ExperimentsJoule’s Experiments James P. Joule (1818 – 1889)James P. Joule (1818 – 1889)

4 熱力學第一定律 for non-nuclear reaction process  E = 0 ；  E system +  E surr. = 0for non-nuclear reaction process  E = 0 ；  E system +  E surr. = 0  (U +KE+PE) = W + Q  (U +KE+PE) = W + Q  U = W + Q  U = W + Q

5 功與熱的角色 for non-nuclear reaction process  E = 0 ；  E system +  E surr. = 0for non-nuclear reaction process  E = 0 ；  E system +  E surr. = 0  E system =  (U +KE+PE)  E system =  (U +KE+PE)  E surr. 由 W 與 Q 替代其角色  E surr. 由 W 與 Q 替代其角色

6 熱力學第一定律  (U +KE+PE) = W + Q  (U +KE+PE) = W + Q 對於大部分之密閉系統的科學觀察  U = W + Q 對於大部分之密閉系統的科學觀察  U = W + Q

7 功 流動程序的功之種類 流動程序的功之種類 軸功 軸功 流體流動功 流體流動功 壓容功 壓容功