REVIEW OF SHIFT SYSTEMS MarkRichardKiranEdNicholasChristine

"A tailor-made shift system should be a compromise between the employer's goals, the wishes of the employees, and ergonomic recommendations for the design of shift systems." (Changing Schedules: Shift work by P.Knauth,Chronobiology International, Volume 14, Issue ) "A tailor-made shift system should be a compromise between the employer's goals, the wishes of the employees, and ergonomic recommendations for the design of shift systems." (Changing Schedules: Shift work by P.Knauth,Chronobiology International, Volume 14, Issue )

A ‘shift’ is a continuous period of work time. Chronobiologists agree that the best schedules must take into consideration the natural properties of circadian rhythms (Fossey 1990). A ‘shift’ is a continuous period of work time. Chronobiologists agree that the best schedules must take into consideration the natural properties of circadian rhythms (Fossey 1990). There are 4 points that should be considered by those who plan and organize shifts: There are 4 points that should be considered by those who plan and organize shifts: Choice between fixed or rotating shifts If rotating then Speed of rotation. If rotating then Direction of rotation. Length of interval between different shifts. Choice between fixed or rotating shifts If rotating then Speed of rotation. If rotating then Direction of rotation. Length of interval between different shifts.

Introduction It has to be realized that there is no ideal shift system which is going to fully meet an organizations needs and the individual health, social and family needs of each and every employee. It has to be realized that there is no ideal shift system which is going to fully meet an organizations needs and the individual health, social and family needs of each and every employee. THREE types of Shift Work THREE types of Shift Work

2) Rapid/ Fast Shift Work Rapid shift work, as the name suggests, is when the rotation of shift allocated to workers changes quickly. Rapid shift work, as the name suggests, is when the rotation of shift allocated to workers changes quickly. Typically, the shift changes every 2 days, over an eight day cycle. Typically, the shift changes every 2 days, over an eight day cycle. Studies on the physiological effects of rapid shift work typically yield similar results. Studies on the physiological effects of rapid shift work typically yield similar results.

Lac & Chamoux (2004), found that: Lac & Chamoux (2004), found that: Shiftworkers expressed a higher stress level and frequency of health problems, and lower satisfaction levels at work than control groups. Shiftworkers expressed a higher stress level and frequency of health problems, and lower satisfaction levels at work than control groups. Consistent changes appeared in cortisol circadian profiles, the greatest changes appearing for the night shift. Consistent changes appeared in cortisol circadian profiles, the greatest changes appearing for the night shift. These changes correlated with self- perceived constraints of work and showed the difficulties of adaptation to rapid shiftwork. These changes correlated with self- perceived constraints of work and showed the difficulties of adaptation to rapid shiftwork.

3) Rotating shifts – (Intermediate shifts). Shifts change weekly or even less often. Shifts change weekly or even less often. * Intermediate rotating – Over weeks, changing shifts weekly or less often * Slow rotating – Over months * Intermediate rotating – Over weeks, changing shifts weekly or less often * Slow rotating – Over months

Shift work at Gatwick Two types of shift work for both baggies and security staff: Two types of shift work for both baggies and security staff: 1) Baggies (5am-1pm and 1-7pm) 2) Security (5am-1pm and 1-8/9pm)  Staff can choose to work before 5am, and any shifts before 6.00am, they get more pay (time and a half )

Part-timers have no restrictions as to the hours they chose to do so, they can chose to always do the evening shift Part-timers have no restrictions as to the hours they chose to do so, they can chose to always do the evening shift full-timers have restrictions, they have fast shift rotation i.e. they can do 2 days-mornings and 3 day-evening or vice versa. they can not do 5 day evening/morning only! full-timers have restrictions, they have fast shift rotation i.e. they can do 2 days-mornings and 3 day-evening or vice versa. they can not do 5 day evening/morning only! the morning and evening shifts have different environments the morning and evening shifts have different environments evening- have no managers around, less passengers, more relaxed evening- have no managers around, less passengers, more relaxed morning- very busy, mangers around, continuous supervision morning- very busy, mangers around, continuous supervision

Shift work at Heathrow – T5 For FULL TIME staff the shift pattern runs on a 4 on 2 off rotation (38.5 hours) For FULL TIME staff the shift pattern runs on a 4 on 2 off rotation (38.5 hours) This consists of: 2 early shifts (5am-2pm) AND 2 late shifts (1:30pm- 10:30pm) (notice the time of handing over) This consists of: 2 early shifts (5am-2pm) AND 2 late shifts (1:30pm- 10:30pm) (notice the time of handing over) PART TIME (less than 38.5 hours) staff include individuals doing fixed days and hours. e.g. sat+sun 5pm-10pm only PART TIME (less than 38.5 hours) staff include individuals doing fixed days and hours. e.g. sat+sun 5pm-10pm only Replenishment team includes night (7pm-7am) AND day (8am-7pm) staff – Shift pattern here is on a 3 on 3 off basis Replenishment team includes night (7pm-7am) AND day (8am-7pm) staff – Shift pattern here is on a 3 on 3 off basis

Thank – you for listening MarkRichardKiranEdNicholasChristine