Recall: Accessing Location Info private Location firstPoint; public void onMousePress( Location pressPt ) { new Text("Pressed", pressPt, canvas ); firstPoint = press; } public void onMouseRelease ( Location releasePt) { new Text("Released", releasePt, canvas ); new Line( firstPoint, releasePt, canvas ); }

Being Unpredictable Formal parameters: allow us to refer to information that is unknown when the program is written Are there other ways we access and use “unknown” information?

The Highs and Lows What if we want to move an object only vertically by dragging the mouse? Pong: public void onMouseDrag( Location mousePos ) { paddle.moveTo( 10, mousePos.getY() ); }

Accessor Methods Methods that return information about an object Examples: mousePos.getY(); canvas.getWidth();

Expressions vs Statements Statements: “Top of the morning to you.” paddle.moveTo( 10, mousePos.getY() ); Perform a useful action Expressions: “the morning” mousePos.getY() Used in statements

Fun with Numbers initialPosition.getX() and -5 are both numbers Can add, subtract, divide, multiply numbers initialPosition.getX() initialPosition.getX() initialPosition.getX() / 5 initialPosition.getY() * 3

Order of Arithmetic Operations 2 + (initialPosition.getX() – initialPosition.getY()) * 5 Precedence Rules: Perform operations within parentheses first Divisions and multiplications before additions and subtractions Operations of equal precedence performed left to right

Instance Variables We can give names to numeric values as we can name objects private int brightness; //shade of gray brightness = 50;

Using Variables First declare: private int brightness; private Color purple; Then initialize brightness = 50; purple = new Color( 255, 0, 255 ); We can also reassign values to variables brightness = 34; Unless…

Using Constants private static final int BRIGHTNESS = 255; The keyword final indicates we cannot reassign a new value to brightness The Java convention for naming constants is all caps

Displaying Numeric Information We can combine numbers and text for display Text countDisplay; int programNum = 3; countDisplay = new Text("This is program #" + programNum, …);

System.out.println Two ways to display textual information Text class System.out.println(…); System.out.println("Number " + 5 ); prints Number 5 to the Java Console

Playing Dice with the Universe How can we simulate a roll of dice? Through random numbers!

Random Numbers RandomIntGenerator die; die = new RandomIntGenerator( 1, 6 ); //display a random integer between 1 and 6 System.out.println( die.nextValue() );

public class RollAnotherOne extends WindowController { private static final int NUM_SIDES = 6; private RandomIntGenerator die = new RandomIntGenerator ( 1, NUM_SIDES ); public void begin() { new Text("Click to make me roll the dice ", TEXT_X, PROMPT_Y, canvas ); } public void onMouseClick (Location point ){ roll1 = die.nextValue(); roll2 = die.nextValue(); System.out.println("You rolled a " + roll1 + "and a " + roll2 + " for a total of " + ( roll1 + roll2 ) ); }

Review Numbers Expressions and statements Variables and Constants System.out.println(…) Generating random numbers