Changing the nature of ‘trading nature’ Ulrich Malessa on timber Anastasiya Timoshyna on non timber forest products TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC's goal is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. TRAFFIC's vision is of a world in which trade in wild animals and plants is managed at sustainable levels without damaging the integrity of ecological systems and in such a manner that it makes a significant contribution to human needs, supports local and national economies and helps to motivate commitments to the conservation of wild species and their habitats.

Threatened species Critical resources Areas of high biodiversity Livelihoods and incentives

Wildlife trade and the MDGs Poverty and hunger (MDG1) Gender equality (MDG3) Health and wellbeing (MDG4, 5, 6) Environmental sustainability (MDG7) Global partnership (MDG8)

TRAFFIC - ONE GLOBAL PROGRAMME -

TRAFFIC: work on resource security  Help prevent illegal harvest and trade  Improve sustainable management of legal harvest and trade Providing guidance to government agencies, private sector, international agreements, donors

Issues Conservation, Environmental and social concerns Timber flow Shipping Export Import … on Customs Control of product flow … on CITES Transport Procesing Transport Harvest / Forest … on FLEG (T) … on FTA … on Lacey Act / ETR Policies Regulations Forest Management Economics Rights, use, access … governance capacity (civil society … to make trade sustainable, legal and transparent … TRAFFIC’s timber strategy

Issues Conservation, Environmental and social concerns Timber flow Shipping Export Import … on Customs Control of product flow … on CITES Transport Procesing Transport Harvest / Forest … on FLEG (T) … on FTA … on Lacey Act / ETR Policies Regulations Forest Management Economics Rights, use, access … governance capacity (civil society … to make trade sustainable, legal and transparent … TRAFFIC’s timber strategy

Issues Conservation, Environmental and social concerns Timber flow Shipping Export Import … on Customs Control of product flow … on CITES Transport Procesing Transport Harvest / Forest … on FLEG (T) … on FTA … on Lacey Act / ETR Policies Regulations Forest Management Economics Rights, use, access … governance capacity (civil society … to make trade sustainable, legal and transparent … TRAFFIC’s timber strategy

Issues Conservation, Environmental and social concerns Timber flow Shipping Export Import … on Customs Control of product flow … on CITES Transport Procesing Transport Harvest / Forest … on FLEG (T) … on FTA … on Lacey Act / ETR Policies Regulations Forest Management Economics Rights, use, access … governance capacity (civil society … to make trade sustainable, legal and transparent … TRAFFIC’s timber strategy

Common Legality Framework

Principles: 1.Access, use rights and tenure 2.Harvesting regulations 3.Transportation of logs and wood products 4.Processing regulations 5.Import and export regulations 6.Environmental regulations 7.Conservation regulations 8.Social regulations 9.Taxes, fees and royalties 10.Subcontractors and partners (specific to Africa)

Process of developing the Common Legality Framework Needs assessment Draft Principles for agreement by stakeholders Develop criteria, indicators, guidance notes and verifiers Identify legal references Stakeholder consultation Revision of PC&I Harmonization with common legality framework Peer review Validation workshop Review by lawyer in each target country Review by expert auditor

Process of developing the Common Legality Framework Needs assessment Draft Principles for agreement by stakeholders Develop criteria, indicators, guidance notes and verifiers Identify legal references Stakeholder consultation Revision of PC&I Harmonization with common legality framework Peer review Validation workshop Review by lawyer in each target country Review by expert auditor ► Participatory Process

Process of developing the Common Legality Framework Needs assessment Draft Principles for agreement by stakeholders Develop criteria, indicators, guidance notes and verifiers Identify legal references Stakeholder consultation Revision of PC&I Harmonization with common legality framework Peer review Validation workshop Review by lawyer in each target country Review by expert auditor (what documentation is needed?) ► Participatory Process ► Expert input

Framework used Indicators and verifiers defined in China Vietnam Central African Republic Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of Congo Gabon Capacity building for stakeholders defining legality Guidance for corporate sector Inform legality verification schemes Contribute to certification standards

Uses of wild collected plants Spices Food Medicines Cosmetics Conservation: The focus on the species and products

F.Barsch Medicinal plants  Used: ~17,000 species well- documented ~60,000 plant species used globally  Traded: ~3,000 species internationally  Commercially Cultivated: only ~900 species world-wide Resource under pressure % of medicinal plant species may be declining and threatened with extinction in the wild.

Wild collection of plants  Growing demand for wild collected products: pressure on species and ecosystems  Collection areas often in marginalized regions : collectors reliant Challenges  Ensure conservation of natural resources and establish sustainable management systems  Introduce fair trade and social accountability for sustainable development of the collection region

Global medicinal plants exports UN Comtrade Data, 2011

Global medicinal plants imports UN Comtrade Data, 2011

FairWild and relevant frameworks Market driven require- ments Laws Policy Health and safety Ecological Social Quality GACP

Development Implementation FairWild development process Legal Adoption & Policy CITES Drafting Voluntary Codes of Practice Consultation Resource Management Certification Development Cooperation Information & Training Plant Product People & Politics Testing

FairWild Standard Global framework verifying ecological, social and economic sustainability of wild collected ingredients and products The FairWild Standard builds on two initiatives: and Social and quality requirements Ecological and quality requirements

FairWild Foundation Established in 2008 and works towards the sustainable use of wild-collected ingredients, with a fair deal for all those involved throughout the supply chain First FAIRWILD® certified products came on the market in 2009

FairWild Standard principles 1.Maintaining wild plant resources 2.Preventing negative environmental impacts 3.Complying with laws, regulations, and agreements 4.Respecting customary rights and benefit sharing 5.Promoting fair contractual relationships between operators and collectors 6.Limiting participation of children in wild collection activities 7.Ensuring benefits for collectors and their communities 8.Ensuring fair working conditions for all workers of FairWild collection operations 9.Applying responsible management practices 10.Applying responsible business practices 11.Promoting FairWild buyer commitment

FairWild Standard use Includes: resource assessment management plan sustainable collection practices cost calculation along the supply chain traceability of goods and finances documented fair trading practices

FairWild Projects Brazil (Amazon) Model implementation at community level (Access and Benefit Sharing) Mekong region Implemented with community in Cambodia and new project in VietNam Lesotho Development of a regional management plan for Pelargonium sidoides together with national authorities (CITES link) South East Europe Implementation of FW in co- operation with partners from the local private sector and government authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina Upper Yangtze Inclusion of FW into the development of regional resource management in China and market links Eastern Himalayas In Nepal, use of FW in conservation areas and buffer zones managed by local communities In India, use to influence policy; community resource management EUROPE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS GHANA FW FOUNDATION (CH) FWF Secretariat (UK) USA

FW Standard use pathways 1.Voluntary codes of practice, internal standards (companies, associations, donors) 2.Local, regional and national resource management schemes (Government institutions) 3.Legal frameworks and policies (conservation, trade policy, international agreements - CBD, CITES) 4.Certification (for businesses at all stages of the wild plants trade chain - FairWild Label)

Thank you! For more information, please contact: Anastasiya Timoshyna and Ulrich Malessa

Additional slides

Alternative Management Action Collection Practice Adjustments Situation Analysis Adaptive Management Cycle Based on Leaman and Cunningham (2008) and Elzinga et al. (1998) Yes Resource Management Objective Productivity Target, Regeneration Target Evaluation of Monitoring Results Resource Management Objective Achieved? Adequate productivity / yield / quality? Adequate regeneration? Harvest controls effective? No Resource Assessment Resource Inventory, Yield / Regeneration Studies Periodic Monitoring Recovery/Regeneration Rate, Yield, Quality Resource Management Action Collection Practice (Time, Method, Limit)

Indicators and guidance notes/verifiers – specific to each country Example (example for CAR) Principle 1: Access, use rights and tenure Criterion 1.1: The company is legally registered with the relevant administrative authorities Indicator 1.1.1: Registration with the economic, social and forest authorities Guidance notes/Verifiers: Verify that documentation held by the company includes: – An official agreement to exercise commercial activities in CAR issued by the Ministry of Trade and the Registry of the Commercial Court – Certificates, licences and written evidence of tax payment issued by the General Directorate for Taxes – Documentary evidence of contributions to the Social Security Agency.