1 Pertemuan 2 Machine Structure, Machine Language, And Assembly Language Matakuliah: H0182/Pemrograman Sistem Tahun: 2006 Versi: 01

2 Learning Outcomes  Mahasiswa dapat mengerti komponen- komponen dasar dari Machine structure  Mahasiswa dapat mengerti alasan pembuatan bahasa assembly

3 General Machine Structure Block Diagram of Simple Computer CPU RAM & ROM Input Device Output Device I/O Processor D-Bus A-Bus

4 General Machine Structure Memory Registers Data Instruction Special Features

5 Machine Language Strongly related and dedicated to specific machine (Intel, IBM, Sun, DEC,etc) Very difficult to understand because involving binary ( ) notation for programming Hell to programmer

6 Assemblers Assembly language Memory –Base & Offset Addressing –Units of Memory: bit,byte,word –High Order & Low Order byte Registers –Flag Register –General Purpose Register –Segment Registers & Instruction Pointer –Stack Registers –Pointer & Index Registers

7 Assemblers Data –Byte, Word, Integer, Real, String, Array, Short Integer, Long Integer, etc Instruction –Data Transfer Instruction –Arithmetic Operation Instruction –Boolean Operation Instruction (Flag) –Logical Operation Instruction –Program Branching Instruction Special Features –Interrupt Handlers

8 Summary Every computer have some common features Assembly language is first step for better programming instead using machine language Assembly language for Intel is dedicated for machine that uses Intel processor.