1 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, 25-29 Feb. 2008 Lecture 2: Community Development and Water management.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Lecture 2: Community Development and Water management Prof Zaini UJANG

2 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Presentation outline DEVELOPMENT Development levels Global and regional perspective National and local perspective Community development WATER MANAGEMENT Water constraints Water services Water infrastructures

3 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Question 1 Is development to be led by Government, or to be allowed to grow organically?

4 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Development levels Long term planning (>10 years) Medium range planning (5 years) Annual

5 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Development levels Long term planning (>10 years) –Water infrastructure at catchment levels –Big projects – water & wastewater treatment plants –Mega projects – piping & rationalization Medium range planning (5 years) –Refurbishment –Big scale upgrading Annual –Maintenance –Small scale upgrading

6 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Development levels Long range planning - Federal Government - States Government Mid term range- Local Government - Community - Project developers Annual- Operators - Contractors - Consultants

7 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Policy making process Initial concern through accidents, tragedies, international pressure, regional framework, etc Reactions from general public Political will Parliamentary procedures Structure of implementation agency, funding mechanisms Implementation started Improvements, new challenges New concerns etc. 3 to 5 years

8 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Actors of policy making process Policy makers Policy holders Policy implementers Policy experts, R&D Policy watchdog General public

9 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Actors of policy making process Nature Man/Woman Policy beneficiaries Policy makers Policy implementers Policy experts Policy watchdog

10 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb TasksAgenciesScope Policy makingCabinets, ParliamentariansOverall Policy holding &Dept. of EnvironmentWater, Air, Scheduled waste National Commission on Water ServicesWater services implementationDept. of Sewerage ServicesSewerage Dept. of Irrigation & DrainageRivers, Lakes, Coast Department of ForestryForest Cleanliness – Local AuthoritiesCleanliness Education – Ministry of EducationEducation Ministry of Science, Technology and InnovationsR&D Policy expertsUniversities, ConsultantsOverall Policy watchdogPress, NGOs, individualsOverall Policy beneficiariesGeneral public, Politicians, Tourists, IndustriesOverall Actors in environmental governance

11 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb TasksAgenciesImplementations Policy holding &Dept. of Sewerage ServicesContractors implementationConcessionaires Suppliers Consultants R&D experts Financiers Professional bodies Actors in environmental governance

12 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Question 2 Structured, regulated society or non- structured, free society? Singapore or France model?

13 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Question 3 What aspects to be strictly regulated? What aspects to be freely growing? The cost of regulated society? The cost of free society?

14 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Community structures Religion Identity Philosophy Social structure Socio-economic Leadership and politics Education level Network Environmental sensitivity

15 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Question 4 Is democracy relevant in developing countries?

16 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Water in society Water availability Water ethics / principles in society Water usage Water politics Water war

17 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Water availability Water is the most widely occurring substance on earth, but only 2.5 % is freshwater. The remainder is saltwater. Two thirds of the freshwater is locked up in glaciers and permanent snow cover. Freshwater resources are further reduced by pollution. Water stress in Asia and Africa ContinentPopulation (%)Water (%) Asia6036 Africa1311 Europe138 North America815 South America626 Australia15 TOTAL100

18 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Water ethics

19 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Water usage Drinking Irrigation Industry Cleansing Waste dilution Environmental protection

20 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb. 2008

21 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb. 2008

22 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb. 2008

23 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Kenyir Lake,Malaysia

24 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Issues on Environmental Management Protection of water resources Pollution of rivers, lakes, estuaries, seas Toxic and hazardous waste management Air pollution Deforestation and biodiversity Solid waste management, esp. on disposal system

25 Lecture 2: Community Development & Water Management ZAINI Lund Univ., Sweden, Feb Question 5 Management of water = Management of society?