Darrell R. Davis Department of Medicinal Chemistry Translation and tRNAs.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Other RNAs AP Biology Fall Each kind of tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to an mRNA codon Each tRNA also carries one specific amino.

Advertisements

Prokaryote Gene Expression Section 1 Overview of RNA Function

Molecular Genetics DNA RNA Protein Phenotype Genome Gene

Chapter 12 Structure of Nucleic Acids The Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids.

Cell Division, Genetics, Molecular Biology

Review: The flow of genetic information in the cell is DNA  RNA  protein  The sequence of codons in DNA spells out the primary structure of a polypeptide.

18 and 20 October, 2004 Chapter 14 Translation. Overview Translation uses the nucleotide sequence of mRNA to specify protein sequence. Each ORF specifies.

Functional RNA - Introduction Biochemistry 4000 Dr. Ute Kothe.

Nuclease cleavage rRNA Operon 7 copies/genome in E. coli.

RNA structure can be specific, stable and complex. (As a result, RNA mediates specific recognition and catalytic reactions.) Principles/ideas--RNAs contain.

Lecture 14: RNA Structure and Properties Reading Assignment: Chapter 37, pgs ; Harper’s Biochemistry (25 th edition). Objectives: To understand.

Ribosomes are here the protein synthesized in the cells From RNA to Protein Translation.

Nucleic Acids 7.3 Translation.

Ribosome Structure 1. Outline the structure of a ribosome based on the diagram: ● A site.

A. Amino Acid and Protein Structure B. Formation of Aminoacyl tRNAs C. Ribosome structure D. Stages of Translation E. Relationship between DNA, mRNA, and.

Chapter 14 Translation.

Colinearity of Gene and Protein DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription translation.

Colinearity of Gene and Protein DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription translation.

Components needed for Translation tRNAs Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Ribosomes.

Fig. 12-2, p.187. Fig. 12-5, p.190 Fig. 12-6, p nanometer diameter overall 0.34-nanometer distance between each pair of bases 3.4-nanometer length.

Chapter 5: Messsenger RNA. 5.1 Introduction Gene expression occurs by a two-stage process: Transcription Translation.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.1 Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 21.7 Protein Synthesis:

Q2 WK8 D3 & 4. How does DNA’s message travel OUT of the nucleus and INTO THE CELL, where the message gets expressed as a protein??? This is known as…

Transfer RNA SS, folded upon themselves into DS section with cloverleaf structure 3’ end of tRNA has CCA terminus added after transcription, for AA binding.

Protein Synthesis Using RNA to make proteins. Going from DNA to Proteins Let’s review what we’ve done so far: We take our DNA and convert it into RNA.

Chapter 13: Synthesis and Processing of Proteome Copyright © Garland Science 2007.

From RNA to protein Kanokporn Boonsirichai. The coding problem  How is the information in a linear sequence of nucleotides in mRNAs translated into the.

Protein Synthesis: Ch 17 From : Kevin Brown – University of Florida

Translation The Relationship Between Genes and Proteins 13 th Week Gihan E-H Gawish, MSc, PhD Ass. Professor Molecular Genetics and Clinical Biochemistry.

Translation is the RNA- directed synthesis of a polypeptide In the process of translation, a cell “reads” a genetic message and builds a polypeptide accordingly.

Translation BIT 220 Chapter 13 Making protein from mRNA Most genes encode for proteins -some make RNA as end product.

Nucleic Acid Structure Nitrogenous Bases (Nucleosides)

The translation of mRNA to protein can be examined in more detail

Spliceosome attachs to hnRNA and begins to snip out non-coding introns mRNA strand composed of exons is free to leave the nucleus.

Chapter 5 Messenger RNA. 5.1 Introduction 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Transfer RNA is the adapter 5.2 Transfer RNA is the adapter 5.3 Messenger RNA is translated.

Chapter 8 Section 8.5: Translation 1. Objectives SWBAT describe how mRNA codons are translated into amino acids. SWBAT summarize the process of protein.

Molecular Biology Fourth Edition Chapter 19 Ribosomes and Transfer RNA Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Robert F. Weaver Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies,

Protein Synthesis. Ribosomes 16S rRNA Secondary Structures.

Fig b6 Template strand RNA primer Okazaki fragment Overall direction of replication.

Protein Synthesis Translation. Protein Synthesis.

BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW Overview of Biomolecules Chapter 13 Protein Synthesis.

1. Protein Synthesis Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan Information transmission Information stored in DNA transferred to RNA and then expressed in the structure.

Protein Synthesis. Translation Overview One codon One amino acid.

RNA Structure Prediction RNA Structure Basics The RNA ‘Rules’ Programs and Predictions BIO520 BioinformaticsJim Lund Assigned reading: Ch. 6 from Bioinformatics:

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentation for Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter.

A process designed to create proteins..  What template is being used to create our protein sequence?  Where is translation taking place?  What types.

An Act in 3 Parts Part 3 - Translation. The Cast The Ribosome In Eukaryotes, it consists of two subunits (40S and 60S) Role: binds to the mRNA and “reads”

Translation 7.3. Translation the information coded in mRNA is translated to a polypeptide chain.

Central Dogma – part 2 DNA RNA PROTEIN Translation Central Dogma

Making Proteins: Translation Lecture #25 Honors Biology Ms. Day.

Step 2 of protein synthesis: Translation “The players” 1.Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Folded into three-lobed shape (clover-like)  At one lobe, resides an anticodon.

Part 5 Translation Translation: mRNA and the Genetic Code Triplet code- codon 3 sequential Nitrogen bases in mRNA 64 different mRNA codons.

Translation: From RNA to Protein. Overall Picture Protein Processed mRNA leaves the nucleus mRNA mRNA binds to ribosome Ribosome tRNA delivers amino acids.

Gene Expression II. Translation Overview Conversion of triplet code into polypeptide Takes place at ribosome in cytoplasm Involves all 3 types of RNA.

Chapter – 10 Part II Molecular Biology of the Gene - Genetic Transcription and Translation.

Gene Expression Continued

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum Presentation

mRNA molecules are complementary to the template strand of the DNA.

Chapter 12 Structure of Nucleic Acids.

Central Dogma Translation

(a) Computer model of functioning ribosome

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Plant Biotechnology Lecture 2

Making Proteins: Translation

From gene to protein.

2/28/12 Objective: Understand how the structure of tRNA makes translation possible Warm-Up: How does the genetic code work? Homework: Simulating Protein.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Protein Synthesis.

Presentation transcript:

Darrell R. Davis Department of Medicinal Chemistry Translation and tRNAs

Ribosome

Overall Structure of Ribosome

RNA structures of Large Subunit

tRNAs on the Ribosome

Some Tetraloops in 16S RNA RNA Secondary Structure

tRNA Phe

Yeast tRNA Folding Saenger

Unusual Pairing in tRNAs

Base Stacking and Intercalation

U-turns, The Anticodon

Circles represent nucleosides that are Always present. Gold are invariant or semivariant The RNA Modification Database tRNA Modifications in Eukarya and Bacteria

Grosjean, H., Chantrenne, H. (1980) Mol. Biol. Biochem. Biophys.32, RNA (0.1 mM, 1 M NaCl)  G° 37 kcal/mol  H° kcal/mol T m °C GGGCCC CCCGGG AAAUUU UUUAAA AAA UUU Intrinsic properties of 3 base-pair RNA hairpin interactions

Human tRNA Lys,3 and E.coli tRNA Lys

Saenger (1988) “Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure” pp. 347 ms 2 t 6 A (A9) Adenosine Uridine Pseudouridine (  )(F) mcm 5 s 2 U (U9)mnm 5 s 2 U (U8) Codon-Anticodon Interactions

Effects of mnm 5 s 2 U on base-pairing and stacking - s 2 U base pair stabilization

Summary The ribosome is a large “molecular machine” for making proteins tRNAs bind 3 sites on the ribosome, Amino-acyl, Peptidyl, Exit RNAs (rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA) are seldom “linear”, but fold into complex structures. tRNAs can all be folded into a “cloverleaf” secondary structure tRNAs all form an “L-shaped” 3D structure tRNAs contain many non-canonical pairs and triples Modifications are clustered in the functionally important areas Modifications are conserved in the 3 kingdoms of life. Modification in the tRNA anticodon help normalize the binding affinity for the mRNA.