Properties of Bonds Polarity Bond Order Bond Length Bond Energy

Electronegativity Bond Polarity Electronegativity: ability of a bonded atom to attract the shared electrons towards itself Origin: Orbital Energies Trends:

Continuum from Covalent to Ionic Bonding: Bond Character

Bond Order: # of bonds between two atoms

Bond Length

Bond Energy: Energy to separate two bonded atoms

Bond Energy in Ionic Compounds: Lattice Energy Energy to separate all the ions NaCl(s)  Na+(g) + Cl-(g) H = Lattice E = -790 kJ/mol

Properties inside Molecules Resonance Formal Charge Oxidation Number Partial Charge

Resonance and Bond Order

Resonance Structures: When more than one reasonable Lewis Structure is possible

Formal Charge and Oxidation Number Examples

Partial Charge

Lewis # Structural Electron Molecular Structure Pairs Geometry Geometry # Structural Pairs = # bonded + # lone on central atom atoms pairs

# Structural Pairs determines Electron Pair Geometry

# Structural Pairs determines Electron Pair Geometry

# Structural Pairs determines Electron Pair Geometry

Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs BF3 and O3

Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs

Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs

Molecular Geometry = Electron Pair Geometry, ignoring lone pairs