The Emerald Ash Borer and its Effects on the State of Michigan’s Ash Tree Population Environmental: Intro to Global Change Fall 2006 Jeremiah Jaroch Michael Rado Alessandra Martin

The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) (Argrilus planipennis) Invasive species found in Southeastern Michigan in 2002 Kills ash trees (Fraxinus ssp.) at an alarming rate Already killed over 15 million trees in MI Image 1

Our Project: Importance Local issue Invasive species can alter ecosystem and biodiversity Must be dealt with quickly and efficiently

Our Project: Hypothesis EAB has adverse effects on biodiversity in MI ecosystem EAB has Potential to wipe out entire population of MI ash trees within years Absence of ash trees has an effect on many other species Graphs of actual EAB impact on ash tree population Image 2

EAB Facts Natural Habitat: Eastern Russia, Northern China, Japan and Korea Brought to MI in ash wood products Discovered killing ash trees in MI in 2002 Can kill a mature ash tree in 2-4 years Bore holes in bark, lay eggs in phloem Larvae eat phloem, starving tree of nutrients Image 3

The Ash Tree Importance Bear fruit year-round Importance source of seed production Colonize disturbed areas in forests Keystone species Economically lucrative resource Image 4

Ash Tree and EAB Populations in the United States Image 5

Risk of EAB Infestation in the United States Image 6

Probability of EAB Infestations in Michigan Image 7

Quarantined Areas of Michigan Image 8

Images 9 and 10 Model of EAB Infestations 30 and 40 Years After of Initial Outbreak EAB Infestation Model Year 30

Decreased by 619,072 trees in one year (Forest Inventory and Analysis Data Center)

Decreased by 1,596,571 trees in one year (Forest Inventory and Analysis Data Center)

What Has Been Done Michigan Department of Agriculture EAB Task Force Established US Department of Agriculture Expensive endeavor

Conclusions EAB spread is at a rate high enough to eliminate ash tree population in Michigan Decline in ash tree populations is significant The absence of the ash tree will negatively effect biodiversity

Questions Image 11

Sources Cited BenDor, Todd K., Metcalf, Sara S., Fontenot, Lauren E., Sangunett, Brandi, and Hannon, Bruce Modeling the spread of the Emerald Ash Borer. Ecological Modeling, 197 (1-2): "Emerald Ash Borer." (21 October 2006) "Emerald Ash Borer." Wikipedia.Org. (23 October 2006) "Forest Inventory and Analysis Data Center." USDA Forest Service. 01 Dec Humble, LM, and Allen, EA, Forest biosecurity: alien invasive species and vectored organisms Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 28: MacFarlane, David W., and Patterson Meyer, Shawna. Characteristics and distribution of potential ash tree hosts for emerald ash borer Forest Ecology and Management, 213 (1-3): "Plant Production and Quarantine - Emerald Ash Borer." Aphis.Usda.Gov. (21 October 2006) Poland, TM, and McCullough, DG Emerald ash borer: Invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America’s ash resource Journal of Forestry, 104 (3): "Purdue Entomology Extention Emerald Ash Borer Information." Emerald Ash Borer. Purdue University. (23 October 2006) Weber, Christopher R. "Condition of Fraxinus Americana and Fraxinus Pennsylvanica in the Presence and Absence of the Emerald Ash Borer." Diss. Univ. of Michigan, Weller, Jennifer L., comp. A Model of the Natural Spread of The Invasive Emerald Ash Borer in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. 8 Sept Western Michigan University. 1 Dec

Images Cited Image 1: "Purdue Entomology Extention Emerald Ash Borer Information." Emerald Ash Borer. Purdue University. (23 October 2006) Image 2-3: Weller, Jennifer L., comp. A Model of the Natural Spread of The Invasive Emerald Ash Borer in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. 8 Sept Western Michigan University. 1 Dec Image 4: "Bohemian Waxwing." The Great Backyard Bird Count. 2 Dec Image 5: MacFarlane, David W., and Patterson Meyer, Shawna. Characteristics and distribution of potential ash tree hosts for emerald ash borer Forest Ecology and Management, 213 (1-3): Image 6: MacFarlane, David W., and Patterson Meyer, Shawna. Characteristics and distribution of potential ash tree hosts for emerald ash borer Forest Ecology and Management, 213 (1-3): Image 7: MacFarlane, David W., and Patterson Meyer, Shawna. Characteristics and distribution of potential ash tree hosts for emerald ash borer Forest Ecology and Management, 213 (1-3): Image 8:"Emerald Ash Borer." (21 October 2006) Image 9-11: Weller, Jennifer L., comp. A Model of the Natural Spread of The Invasive Emerald Ash Borer in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. 8 Sept Western Michigan University. 1 Dec