Jay McCreary Shang-Ping Xie Niklas Schneider Nikolai Maximenko Zuojun Yu Ryo Furue Justin Small THEME 1 Indo-Pacific Ocean Climate Jan Hafner Yan Du Oleg Melnichenko Ingo Richter Takeaki Sampe Hyodae Seo Hiroki Tokinaga

Ocean Circulation Air-Sea Interaction Climate THEME 1 Indo-Pacific Ocean Climate Funding by Institutional Grants from JAMSTEC, NASA, NOAA Individual Grants from NSF, NASA, NOAA, DOE

Ocean Circulation mapping of absolute ocean topography and subsurface currents zonal jet like ocean features South China Sea Throughflow subsurface jets Kuroshio Air-Sea Interaction ocean imprint on atmospheric boundary layer deep influences of the Gulf stream on the atmosphere mapping of high wind frequency of the world’s ocean Climate eastern equatorial Pacific coupled processes regional climate of Hawaii Pacific decadal variability El Nino/Southern Oscillation tropical Atlantic variability THEME 1 Indo-Pacific Ocean Climate

mean dynamic ocean topography: global map at mesoscale resolution Data released to public in Surface drifters Satellite altimetryNCEP windGRACE gravity models Zlotnicki et al. Maximenko, Niiler, Melnichenko et al. Up to 10 stationary ACC meanders; ACC interaction with bottom topography Kuroshio Extention frontal system North Atlantic circulation Corrected South Atlantic system New discovery of systems of stationary jets Shown is mean zonal geostrophic velocity

Analysis of high resolution, multi-decadal OFES hindcast: Dynamics of Kuroshio Path Variation N. Schneider, B. Qiu, H. Sasaki Phase/Time

K b erodes thermostad, warms SST? In an OGCM, a commonly used value for the background diapycnal diffusivity (K b ) weakens the Tsuchiya Jets, erodes the thermostad, and warms the SST through the warming of the subthermocline water that upwells in the eastern Pacific. K b = 0 K b = 0.1 cm 2 /s T & u at x = 50 o w (shading) & T (contours) at eastern boundary K b = 0.1 cm 2 /s K b = 0 Furue, McCreary, Yu & Wang

Frequency of QuikSCAT high winds (>20 m/s; color = % of time) and SST (°C; contours) during winter months (DJF). Mapping High Sea Winds from Space T. Sampe and S.-P. Xie (IPRC) High sea winds often blow at midlatitudes during wintertime, when low-pressure systems pass over. These low-pressure systems, however, usually have a scale of ~1000 km, while the high sea winds have much smaller scales. An analysis of satellite-measured sea-wind data indicates that underlying SST fields and topography significantly impact wind events over the ocean. High winds (stronger than 20m/s) are seen more frequently over the warmer flanks of oceanic fronts than over the colder flanks. The figure, for instance, shows that high winds occur very frequently over the Gulf Stream off the Canada coast, where there is a sharp SST gradient on the northern side of the Gulf Stream. SST influence on the intensity of momentum mixing within the near-surface atmosphere is the plausible mechanism of this remarkable correspondence between higher winds over the warmer waters. The figure also shows the orographic impact on wind speed over water. Frequent high winds are seen where air flows along high orographic features on the Greenland coast and coast of southern France (the “mistral”).

Precipitation (mm/day) Deep Climatic Influences of the Gulf Stream S Minobe (Hokkaido U), A Yoshida, N Komori (JAMSTEC), S-P Xie, and RJ Small (IPRC) Nature, accepted The Gulf Stream's influence penetrates as high as 10 km into the upper troposphere, raising the possibility that the warm current forces planetary waves affecting climate in remote regions. Satellite-Model Synergy

OFES captures Kuroshio Extension’s decadal oscillation B Taguchi 1,2, S-P Xie 1, N Schneider 1, M Nonaka 2, H Sasaki 2, Y Sasai 2 1. IPRC/UH Met; 2. JAMSTEC (FRCGC & ESC) Satellite Altimeter (T/P) OFES Ocean GCM for Earth Simulator (0.1 o x 0.1 o, 54 levels) The advent of satellite altimetry and the Earth Simulator made it possible to study variability of narrow jets like KE for the first time High-Resolution Modeling

North Pacific Coupled Processes and Decadal Variability H. Seo, H. Tokinaga, N. Schneider, S.-P. Xie Downscaling using an eddy-resolving regional coupled model (SCOAR) Impact of coupled feedback on variability of KE and its downstream? Atmospheric and ocean soundings in the Kuroshio extension Kuroshio Implementation Panel 25km ROMS km RSM July mean SST July mean SSH Cruises: 4 winter & 2 summer

Pacific Decadal Variability: The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation E. Di Lorenzo, N. Schneider, A. J. Miller, K. Cobb, P. Franks et al.

Ocean circulation Studies of ocean circulation using the new observations and high- resolution models horizontal (surface, thermocline and sub-thermocline) and meridional overturning circulations the interactions dynamics of surface and subsurface jets of the general circulation Air-sea interaction Diagnose fluxes and processes that couple the ocean and atmosphere in both the tropics and extratropics response of the extratropical storm track to ocean heat transport convergence and SST interaction between the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers diagnoses and impact of air-sea heat fluxes in the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension Climate modes and predictability Investigate coupled phenomena that determine the spatial patterns of the climate and its variability dynamics and predictability of climate modes ENSO, PDV, NAO, AO, IOD impact of climate change

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