1 Attention to Attention in the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics John Mason Open University & University of Oxford Flötur Selfoss Sept 2008
2 Say What You Saw
3 One Sum Diagrams 1 1 (1- ) 2 Anticipating, not waiting 1- 2
4 Reading a Diagram: Seeing As … x 3 + x(1–x) + (1-x) 3 x 2 + (1-x) 2 x 2 z + x(1-x) + (1-x) 2 (1-z)xz + (1-x)(1-z) xyz + (1-x)y + (1-x)(1-y)(1-z) yz + (1-x)(1-z)
5 Reasoning from Diagrams … … has a long tradition!
6 CopperPlate Calculations
7 Attention Holding Wholes (gazing) Discerning Details Recognising Relationships Perceiving Properties Reasoning on the basis of agreed properties
8 The calculation comes from an Arabic manuscript Hindu Reckoning written by Kushyar ibn-Lebban about 1000 C.E. (quoted in NCTM 1969 p133)
9 Treviso & Pacioli Calculations Treviso and Pacioli Multiplications Historical Topics for the Mathematics Classroom, NCTM p
10 Word Problems In 26 years I shall be twice as old as I was 19 years ago. How old am I? ?=?2( - 19) ?26 ? 19 ? =
11 Mid-Point Where can the midpoint of the segment joining two points each on a separate circle, get to?
12 Scaling P Q M Imagine a circle C. Imagine also a point P. Now join P to a point Q on C. Now let M be the mid point of PQ. What is the locus of M as Q moves around the circle?
13 Additive & Multiplicative Perspectives What is the relation between the numbers of squares of the two colours? Difference of 2, one is 2 more: additive Ratio of 3 to 5; one is five thirds the other etc.: multiplicative
14 Raise your hand when you can see Something which is 2/5 of something Something which is 3/5 of something Something which is 2/3 of something –What others can you see? Something which is 1/3 of 3/5 of something Something which is 3/5 of 1/3 of something Something which is 2/5 of 5/2 of something Something which is 1 ÷ 2/5 of something
15 What fractions can you ‘see’? What relationships between fractions can you see?
16 Two-bit Perimeters 2a+2b What perimeters are possible using only 2 bits of information? a b
17 Two-bit Perimeters 4a+2b What perimeters are possible using only 2 bits of information? a b
18 Two-bit Perimeters 6a+2b What perimeters are possible using only 2 bits of information? a b
19 Two-bit Perimeters 6a+4b What perimeters are possible using only 2 bits of information? a b