FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Three Models in the Social Sciences.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Research Methods in Politics: Chapter 3 1 Research Methods in Politics 3 Philosophy and Principles of Research.
Advertisements

The Logic of Social Science Research Sociology Jan Dr Christopher Kollmeyer A lecture by.
Theoretical Issues: Structure and Agency
 To explain the NATURAL WORLD and how it got to be the way it is.  NOT merely to collect “facts” or describe.  Natural here means empirically sensible—that.
1 LMU The ontology of physics 22 October 14 Properties and laws Michael Esfeld LMU-MCMP & Université de Lausanne.
Founders and Pioneers of Sociology
The Early Functionalists Functionalism The analysis of society as a system composed of parts that affect each other and the system as a whole.
Weber ‘Objective Possibility and Adequate Causation in Historical Explanation’.
A Conditional View of Causality Friedel Weinert University of Bradford.
1 On Rainbows & Slavery From physical to social mechanisms.
SOC Lecture 3 Durkheim. Historical sociology of industrialisation - contrast of type (pre-industrial / industrial society) -theory of tendency -Three.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Historical Perspectives on the Social.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II Three Models, Continued Lecture V.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Standard Issues, Continued Holism-Individualism.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Standard Issues in the Social Sciences.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Historical Perspectives on the Social.
Chapter 1: What is Sociology?. What is Sociology? Developing A Sociological Perspective Development of Sociological Thinking Is Sociology A Science How.
Chapter 5: Durkheim and Weber © 2014 Mark Moberg.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II Weber’s Ideal Types Lecture VI.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Introduction Lecture I.
SOC Lecture 5 Max Weber. Some limits of Marxist historical sociology: -subjective meaning of action -cultural context of meaning Emphasis on structural.
Developing a Sociological Consciousness Sociology 10-Introduction to Sociology.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Philosophical Consequences of Great Scientific Discoveries Friedel Weinert The whole of modern thought is steeped in.
Norm Theory and Descriptive Translation Studies
Accounting Theory: Roles and Approaches
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH TRADITIONS.
Nature of Politics Areas of Study in Political Science.
Traditional approaches to the formulation of an accounting theory
RSBM Business School Research in the real world: the users dilemma Dr Gill Green.
Stuart Glennan Butler University September  Terminological Questions: What is history?  A Selective Survey of Models of Explanation – their Problems.
Sociological Imagination and Investigation LECTURE 2 The Science of Society.
THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE HOW is the sociological perspective a new and exciting way of seeing the world?
Developing a Sociological Consciousness
Sociological Research Methods and Techniques
CSD 5100 Introduction to Research Methods in CSD First Day Opening Stretch Course Requirements/Syllabus What is Science? What is Research? The Scientific.
Lecture 3: Criticisms of Positivism; and the Interpretivist Approach
How do Sociologists Study Problems?
Sociological theory Where did it come from? Theories and theorists Current theoretical approaches Sociology as science.
SocNotes: A Study Companion Perspective, Theory, and Method
MODULE 3 INVESTIGATING HUMAN AND SOCIL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN.
Psychology Research Methods. There are a variety of ways of validating truth Personal experience Intuition Social or cultural consensus Religious scripture.
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY Duško Sekulić. Sociology is the scientific study of human society or the study of human behavior as shaped by group life. Including.
The Sociological Imagination
Thinking Like a Sociologist
Chapter Two: Explaining Winston Jackson and Norine Verberg Methods: Doing Social Research, 4e.
Origins of Sociology By: Abbey Cameron. social sciences  The study human behavior and institutions is called social sciences.  Examples of social sciences.
Emile Durkheim Le suicide Why did Durkheim study suicide? To establish sociology as an academic discipline. To demonstrate that suicide could not.
FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Research Methods II Friedel Weinert IHS.
SOCIOLOGY INTRODUCTION Section 2 of Chapter 1. Review Slide (Sect 1- Slide 1) What Sociology IS  Sociology – Social Science of human society and social.
Lecture №1 Role of science in modern society. Role of science in modern society.
Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007 Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The.
Introduction to Classical Social Theory Part Two: Classical Social Theory Agenda Objective: To develop an understanding of what social theory is and the.
Some Issues to Consider in thinking about Causes and Explanations.
Constructivism: The Social Construction of International Politics POL 3080 Approaches to IR.
PH201/400 – Week 13 Scientific Explanation III 1.
Intellectuals of the Scientific Revolution Astronomer and mathematician Proposed that Earth and other planets move around sun Through his theory of.
What is Comparative Politics and Government? Subfield of Political Science.
7 Theories and Laws. Is it a Theory? Which statement(s) do you think BEST apply to scientific theories? A.Theories include observations B.Theories are.
HAYEK AS A METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALIST Francesco Di Iorio Southeast University (Nanjing) 1.
Developing a Sociological Consciousness
Aim #1: Why is Sociological Research Necessary?
Historical Research Method
How is knowledge gained in the human sciences?
Sociology & Science: Sociology is often referred to as a ‘Social Science’ but can it truly be classified as a science? Scientific methodology can be used.
Theories of Social Differentiation and Social Change
The Sociological Perspective
Emile Durkheim Le suicide 1897.
Unit 1 – Perspectives Objective 1 Explain the development of sociology as a social science.  Objective 2 Compare the theoretical perspectives of functionalism,
METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM AND SOCIAL LAWS
Bell Ringer Vocabulary activity:
Presentation transcript:

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)1 Friedel Weinert: Philosophy of the Social Sciences Year II: Semester II SS-2000M Three Models in the Social Sciences Lecture IV

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)2 Central Questions –What is the subject matter of the social sciences? Answer: Society Can society be understood by the methods of the natural sciences (Freud, Durkheim)? –Or does the subject matter society require an approach specific to it? Three models: –naturalistic view  explanation societal ‘facts’ are subject to societal ‘laws’ –interpretative view  understanding (Verstehen) social action must be understood by reference to human agency –critical view  explanatory understanding and criticism conservative and critical functions of the social sciences Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)3 Social Sciences 3 Models àSome preliminaries à associated with these models are standard issues àscientism-humanism issue àcause-reason distinction àcausation in social sciences àindividualism-holism issue/relativism àfact-value question àlaws and models in the social sciences àMeaning of Understanding à understanding of natural à versus à understanding of social processes

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)4  Natural Sciences Explanation  Entailment or Causal Patterns Understanding  Interpretation of mathematical formalism  assignment of physical models to mathematically described natural processes.  billiard ball model of gases  models of light as particles or waves  Copernican models of planetary motions  assignment of causal mechanisms to phenomena  why planets move in orbits (Hooke, Newton)  why radioactive decay (Rutherford)  why patients suffer from neuroses? (Freud) Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)5  Social Sciences Explanation (?)  Empirical Model Understanding  Hermeneutic Model, Weber’s Model  social action  social rules (norms, values, conventions)  individual action  intentions (reasons, motives)  regularities are not sufficient  relate regularities to human agency Social Sciences 3 Models Strong version Weak version Social regularities only exist local levels in particular societies; must be understood in terms of local meaning (Winch) Tool: symbolic meanings Regularities to be related to human agency they are subject to social science explanations they are cross-cultural, cross-national structural features (ex.:globalisation) Essential tools:evolutionary approaches, hypothetical models, adequate causation

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)6 The Three Models The Empirical Model Durkheim’s Rules  Consider social phenomena as things, external objects  Social science research must be objectvie  Social scientist describes general, rather than individual social phenomena (social structures, legal and religious forms) Decisive feature  : Unity of method ònatural and social sciences employ hypothetico-deductive method (DN/IS model) òExplanation = Explanandum & Explanans & Entailment Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)7 Scheme of DN/IS Model Social Sciences 3 Models Explanans  Antecedent Conditions: C 1 …C 2 …C n  General Laws: L 1, L 2 ….L n Explanandum E Description of Empirical Phenomena to be Explained, Predicted

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)8 wSome limitations : wthe weakness of ‘laws’ and regularities in social science wat best statements of statistical tendencies, regularities allowing exceptions (trends, cycles versus laws) wtrends can be reversed, modified wtrends are inductively generalised patterns of behaviour wexplanatory role of human agency wset of initial conditions not closed wdifficulty to distinguish genuine from apparent exceptions Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)9 Decisive feature  : Causal analysis òsearch for the cause of social regularities (rationalisation of society) or particular events (war) òWeber: notion of adequate causation: a set of the most probable (sufficient) conditions which will have brought about a particular historical event (rationalisation, war) Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)10 Causal relationships in the social sciences 2modernisation of state/society  emergence of civility (N. Elias) 2structural changes (differentiation and reflexivity)  emergence of modern, rationalised societies (Habermas) 2rising grain prices cause peasant unrest 2changes in technology cause changes in ideology 2a cluster of political and social factors are most likely to have brought about the French Revolution Question: Do observable changes originate on the individual or collective level? Do we adopt Individualism or Holism? Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)11 Individualism  bottom up approach (Mill) (A. Smith)  derive the phenomena of society from the phenomena of human nature  the ‘laws’ of the phenomena of society reduce to the laws of the action of individual human beings, united in the social world  causal regularities underlying social phenomena reflect facts about individual agents (intentions, reasons, motives)  Example of individualist account of causation Secularisation/3 Models Antecedent Conditions: Extension of public transport to outlying districts of a major city Consequent Conditions: Deterioration of public schools in inner city Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)12 Holism  top down approach (Marx, Durkheim)  explain the actions of individuals by reference to underlying social structures  social facts do not reduce to individual facts  social phenomena exert force on individual  explanation of social life must be sought in the nature of society  social life as a result of the interdependence and interrelationship between individual members Examples of holist account of causation  Durkheim’s study of suicide  poverty and political instability Social Sciences 3 Models

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)13 +Durkheim’s study of suicide Social Sciences 3 Models Suicide Rates: Rise of 100% between Social Factors: Degree of Social Integrity Individual Factors: illness, poverty unchanged Egoistic Suicide Altruistic Suicide Anomic Suicide -Too little social integration -too much social integration -rapid changes in social integration

FWeinert, Bradford University (UK)14 +Poverty as cause of political instability Social Sciences 3 Models Individual Poverty Structural Changes and Modernisation Erosion of traditional restraint on behaviour Political Mobilisation Elite Intransigence Political Instability