Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG Tel © NERC All rights reserved CO 2 storage potential in India S. Holloway, A. Garg, M. Kapshe, A. Deshpande, T. N. Singh and K.L. Kirk

© NERC All rights reserved CO 2 storage potential in India: organisations involved IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme DEFRA Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad British Geological Survey

© NERC All rights reserved Aims Analyze CO 2 capture and storage potential of India Produce GIS of CO 2 sources and potential storage sites in India Build on first estimate of CO 2 storage capacity of India (Singh et al. 2006) Prepare ground for cost estimates

© NERC All rights reserved Principles IEAGHG R&D Programme global CO 2 sources database to be updated (available at ) For storage, focus on mature technologies Storage capacity methodologies compatible with those proposed by the CSLF State methodology used and what is included/excluded from your estimate

© NERC All rights reserved Viable capacity: Applies economic criteria to realistic capacity Realistic capacity: Applies geological and engineering cutoffs to actual basin data to produce pragmatic quantified storage capacity estimate Theoretical capacity Speculative potential Poorly known potential Poorly quantified potential CSLF resource pyramid approach

© NERC All rights reserved India’s annual CO 2 emissions India’s total annual emissions 1343 Mt CO 2 in 2004 (United Nations Statistics Division 2007) Source:

© NERC All rights reserved CO 2 emissions from large point sources Total from all LPSs : 721 Mt CO 2 Existing power plant 467 Mt CO 2 Power plant under construction 227 Mt CO 2 Planned power plant 426 Mt CO 2 of which UMPPs 257 Mt CO 2

© NERC All rights reserved Operational CO 2 sources Operational plus under construction plus planned CO 2 sources

© NERC All rights reserved Areas not suitable for CO 2 storage using presently mature technologies Pink: crystalline basement rocks plus overlying Proterozoic basins Blue: Basalt

© NERC All rights reserved Coal 4th largest coal resource in the world Key question is what will eventually be mined Our estimate is 345 Mt CO 2 – based on an indicative calculation of what might be adsorbed onto coal None of the individual coalfields have the capacity to store 100 Mt CO 2 Major coalfields of India

© NERC All rights reserved CO 2 storage on coal - conclusion CO 2 storage by adsorption onto coal is not going to make a significant impact on national CO 2 emissions But sorption onto coal could give additional capacity in any of the deeper Gondwana basins that have potential for storage in their pore space (e.g. Mondal 2007, Mukhopadhyay, this workshop)

© NERC All rights reserved Oil and gas fields Total storage capacity is estimated to be between 3.8 and 4.6 x 10 9 tonnes CO 2. Many fields fairly small (e.g. Dhar & Bhattacharya 1993) Largest field is Bombay High (offshore Mumbai) Tentative estimate of storage capacity Mt There are opportunities for EOR (Kumar et al. 2007, Chakraborty & Dasgupta this workshop) Barmer Basin Cambay Basin Mumbai Offshore Basin Bombay High field

© NERC All rights reserved Saline aquifers Insufficient public domain data to estimate accurately the storage capacity of saline aquifers Classified basins as of good, fair and limited potential Good = proven containment (oil or gas fields) plus expectation of good reservoir and seal quality at depths >800 m over a large part of the basin Fair = one or more potential regional seals that overlie reservoirs at depths >800 m, and also contain potential structural closures Limited = either porous and permeable reservoir absent or not sealed, or the basins lack structural closures, or they are in structurally complex fold belts, or they face major potential conflicts of use.

© NERC All rights reserved

Saline aquifers Our classification is controversial in places, e.g. Ganga Basin, some Gondwana basins It is based on insufficient evidence – a detailed analysis of the most strategically important basins based on seismic and well data ( and numerical simulation of CO 2 injection) is needed

© NERC All rights reserved

Conclusions India’s oil and gas fields plus coalfields are estimated to have <5 Gt (10 9 tonnes) CO 2 storage capacity This could store national emissions from LPSs for only 5 years* It is critical that the saline aquifer CO 2 storage potential of India’s onshore and offshore sedimentary basins is investigated in more detail * (currently LPSs emit 721 Mt CO 2 annually and would generate c. 1 Gt CO 2 annually if equipped for CO 2 capture)