Taiz and Zeiger – Chapter 16, Smith et al. – Chapter 5 Fertilization, Embryogenesis & Vegetative Development HORT 301 – Plant Physiology August 30, 2010 Taiz and Zeiger – Chapter 16, Smith et al. – Chapter 5 paul.m.hasegawa.1@purdue.edu Seed plants have similar growth and development patterns These patterns are modulated by the environment

Basic plant development stages - embryogenesis, and vegetative and reproductive growth/development

Pollination and fertilization Hartmann et al. Plant Propagation 2002

Graham et al. 2006, Plant Biology Embryogenesis – zygote to seed Graham et al. 2006, Plant Biology

Stages of embryogenesis Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

Auxin – a primary regulator embryogenesis Auxin movement and accumulation establishes polarity that regulates embryonic patterning

Apical-basal axis patterning during embryogenesis – genes involved in longitudinal development

Radial patterning during embryogenesis Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

scr Radial patterning genetic determinants SCARECROW (SCR) and SHORTROOT (SHR) regulate endodermal and cortical development WOODEN LEG (WOL) regulates protophloem development scr

Seed development/dormancy and germination – interplay of ABA and GA Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

Repeated unit is leaf, lateral meristem and internode Shoot apical meristem (SAM) - progenitor of the repeated unit of the shoot Repeated unit is leaf, lateral meristem and internode Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

Polar auxin transport and shoot elongation Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

Lateral bud suppression reduces branching in tomato and maize Genetic determinants and hormones regulate axillary bud development teosinte branched 1 lateral suppressor Smith et al. (2008) Plant Biology Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al.

Leaf meristem has three developmental axes Apical-basal, lateral, and upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial)

Vertical and horizontal leaf growth Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

Auxin and root apical meristem cell identity and root development Genetic determinants

Root apical meristem and zonation Smith et al. Plant Biology (2010)

Lateral root branching – differentiation from the pericycle

Senescence and programmed cell death are an aging process Soybean plants are similar age but flowers were removed from the plant on the right