Solenoid Valves Blake Hunsaker ECE 5320 Mechatronics Assignment #1

Outline Definition Definition Definition Introduction Introduction Introduction Selecting a Solenoid Valve Selecting a Solenoid Valve Selecting a Solenoid Valve Selecting a Solenoid Valve Valve Types Valve Types Valve Types Valve Types –Direct-Lift Direct-Lift –Pilot-Operated Pilot-Operated –Proportioning Valve Proportioning ValveProportioning Valve Ratings for Solenoid Valves Ratings for Solenoid Valves Ratings for Solenoid Valves Ratings for Solenoid Valves Valve Porting Options Valve Porting Options Valve Porting Options Valve Porting Options Final Considerations in Valve Selection Final Considerations in Valve Selection Final Considerations in Valve Selection Final Considerations in Valve Selection References References References To Explore Further To Explore Further To Explore Further To Explore Further

Definition A valve is a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid or a substance. A valve is a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a fluid or a substance. A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes magnetized when electricity is run through it. A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes magnetized when electricity is run through it.

Introduction: Solenoid valves use electricity to open and close an orifice in the valve body, allowing or preventing the flow of a given medium. Solenoid valves use electricity to open and close an orifice in the valve body, allowing or preventing the flow of a given medium. This type of valve is opened and closed by a plunger that is raised and lowered by the energizing and de- energizing of a solenoid. This type of valve is opened and closed by a plunger that is raised and lowered by the energizing and de- energizing of a solenoid. A solenoid valve uses a solenoid to actuate a valve. This lets you control the flow of water, air, or other substances with electricity. A solenoid valve uses a solenoid to actuate a valve. This lets you control the flow of water, air, or other substances with electricity.

Magnetic effect of electric energy The possibility to convert electric energy in magnetic field energy is found in solenoid valves.

Selecting a Solenoid Valve (Slide A) Valve type (two-, three- or four-way) Valve type (two-, three- or four-way) Voltage Voltage Pressure Pressure Medium handled Medium handled Materials (stainless steel, brass, plastic or other material) Materials (stainless steel, brass, plastic or other material) Port size fluid connection Port size fluid connection De-energized position (normally open or closed, ect.) De-energized position (normally open or closed, ect.) Ambient conditions Ambient conditions Approval(s) required (UL, CSA, FM, CENELEC) Approval(s) required (UL, CSA, FM, CENELEC)

Selecting a Solenoid Valve (Slide B) Coil/connection type Coil/connection type Current draw limitations Current draw limitations Duty cycle (continuous or intermittent) Duty cycle (continuous or intermittent) Electrical enclosure type Electrical enclosure type Life expectancy (minimum expected cycles per year) Life expectancy (minimum expected cycles per year) Maximum and minimum operating pressure differentials Maximum and minimum operating pressure differentials Orifice diameter Orifice diameter Allowable internal leakage Allowable internal leakage Ratings (NEMA 4, 7, 9, etc.) Ratings (NEMA 4, 7, 9, etc.)

Valve Types Popular types of on/off solenoid valves: Popular types of on/off solenoid valves: –Direct-Lift –Pilot-Operated –Proportioning Valve

Direct-Lift A direct-lift solenoid valve has a plunger that opens or closes the valve. A direct-lift solenoid valve has a plunger that opens or closes the valve. Direct-lift solenoid valves usually have low flow rates and high differential pressure drops. Direct-lift solenoid valves usually have low flow rates and high differential pressure drops. They normally have a quicker response than pilot-operated valves. They normally have a quicker response than pilot-operated valves.

Pilot-Operated Pilot-operated solenoid valves use the fluid's own pressure for actuation. Pilot-operated solenoid valves use the fluid's own pressure for actuation. The valves are either piston or diaphragm types and usually require a differential pressure to keep the valve closed. The valves are either piston or diaphragm types and usually require a differential pressure to keep the valve closed. Because they do not have a plunger, pilot-operated solenoid valves are normally available in larger orifice sizes than direct-lift valves. Because they do not have a plunger, pilot-operated solenoid valves are normally available in larger orifice sizes than direct-lift valves. Pilot-operated solenoid valves have quick response time and low cost. Pilot-operated solenoid valves have quick response time and low cost.

Proportioning Valve Proportioning valves allow complete and continuous fluid control. Proportioning valves allow complete and continuous fluid control. An analog signal is sent to the valve for a full range of valve positions. An analog signal is sent to the valve for a full range of valve positions.

Ratings for Solenoid Valves General service (for working with common fluids). General service (for working with common fluids). Cryogenic fluids (for fluids such as liquid oxygen, liquid argon and liquid nitrogen). Cryogenic fluids (for fluids such as liquid oxygen, liquid argon and liquid nitrogen). Vacuum (for working in and maintaining vacuum conditions). Vacuum (for working in and maintaining vacuum conditions). Oxygen service (designed to provide contamination-free flow of oxygen). Oxygen service (designed to provide contamination-free flow of oxygen).

Valve Porting Options Two-way Valves Two-way Valves Three-way Valves Three-way Valves Four-way Valves Four-way Valves Five-way Valves Five-way Valves Knife Gate Valves Knife Gate Valves Abrasive Service Valves Abrasive Service Valves Bonnetless Bonnetless Bonneted Bonneted Extended Flange Design Extended Flange Design Square Port Square Port Rectangular Port Rectangular Port Thru Port Thru Port

Final Considerations in Valve Selection Valve response time Valve response time Control fidelity Control fidelity Material Material Size Size Temperature/pressure ranges Temperature/pressure ranges The signal is, for on/off valves, 120VAC, 12VDC or 24VDC The signal is, for on/off valves, 120VAC, 12VDC or 24VDC For a proportioning valve, either a 0–10 V signal or a 4-20mA signal is used. For a proportioning valve, either a 0–10 V signal or a 4-20mA signal is used.

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