Characteristics of communication links Skills: none IT concepts: data transmission rate, latency, jitter, packet loss, medium This work is licensed under.

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Characteristics of communication links Skills: none IT concepts: data transmission rate, latency, jitter, packet loss, medium This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial- Share Alike 3.0 License.

Characteristics of communication links Internet concepts –Applications –Technology (connectivity) –Implications for Individuals Organizations Society Internet skills –Application development –Content creation Text Image Audio Video

Link characteristics 1.Speed 2.Latency 3.Jitter 4.Packet loss rate 5.Medium

Do you know the speed of the link between your home and your ISP? LAN router ISP router Home LAN The Internet

What is the unit of measure for data transmission speed? Measure ofExample unitsRate ratio DistanceInches, miles, light years Rate of movementMiles/hour, inches/year Distance/time WeightOunces, tons, grams Amount of dataBits, bytes, gigabytes Rate of data transmission ??

What is the unit of measure for data transmission speed? Measure ofExample unitsRate ratio DistanceInches, miles, light years Rate of movementMiles/hour, inches/year Distance/time WeightOunces, tons, grams Amount of dataBits, bytes, gigabytes Rate of data transmission Bits/second, bytes/second, gigabits/second Amount of data/time

PlanSpeed downSpeed upPrice Starter DSL1 Mbps384 Kbps$19.99 Power DSL3 Mbps768 Kbps$29.99 Turbo DSL7.1 Mbps768 Kbps$42.99 FIOS fast15 Mbps5 Mbps$49.99 FIOS faster25 Mbps15 Mbps$64.99 FIOS fastest50 Mbps20 Mbps$ Verizon Internet plans, November 2009 Note that speeds are “up to” these rates. Note the asymmetry in upload and download speed.

Prefixes for large quantities PrefixExactClose enoughName Kilo1,0241,000Thousand Mega1,024^21,000,000Million Giga1,024^31,000,000,000Billion Tera1,024^41,000,000,000,000Trillion Peta1,024^51,000,000,000,000,000Quadrillion After these prefixes come exa, zetta and yotta. The pattern continues -- each is 1,024 times the previous one.

Availability of 100 Mbps service in 2009 Follow this link for 100 Mbps cost.for 100 Mbps cost

Latency – the time for the first packet to arrive About half the ping (round trip) time

Jitter – variation in latency

Ping time and jitter from Los Angeles Distance (miles) P1 (ms) P2 (ms) P3 (ms) P4 (ms) Avg. (ms) Jitter (st dev) Santiago Chile5, Oxford England5,

Packet loss rate No packets lost -- packet loss is rare, but occurs

Packet loss rate from SLAC (Palo Alto, CA) Steady improvement everywhere but Africa All regions but Africa an parts of Asia are now under 1%

Current year data on Verizon backbone latency, packet loss rate and jitter

Transfer rate from SLAC (Palo Alto, CA)

Copper, twisted pair Copper, coaxial cable Fiber Terrestrial radio Satellite radio Link medium

We just covered five characteristics of a communication link. Do you recall what they were?