1 WMES3103 : INFORMATION RETRIEVAL WEEK 13 DIGITAL LIBRARIES

2 Go to the Internet Go to the Internet Use a good search engine Use a good search engine Look for DIGITAL LIBRARIES Look for DIGITAL LIBRARIES Definition – l Definition – l l l

3 DIGITAL LIBRARY New area – emerged in the US in the 1990s New area – emerged in the US in the 1990s Various names to imply the same entity Various names to imply the same entity Digital library - dLib Digital library - dLib Electronic library – eLib Electronic library – eLib Virtual library Virtual library Different perceptions Different perceptions As an international entity – encompasses every information source available on the Internet As an international entity – encompasses every information source available on the Internet As an institutional project As an institutional project Information sources available on the Internet only Information sources available on the Internet only Internet + CD-ROMs & other local networked resources Internet + CD-ROMs & other local networked resources

4 DL – considers information sources available on the Internet DL – considers information sources available on the Internet DL – a compilation of materials published electronically and those converted to digital form – questions – what should be digitised, how to do it, quality, cost DL – a compilation of materials published electronically and those converted to digital form – questions – what should be digitised, how to do it, quality, cost Definition – various – takes into account storage and dissemination of information in electronic format Definition – various – takes into account storage and dissemination of information in electronic format

5 Definition and Purposes of a Digital Library Association of Research Libraries :October 23, 1995 Association of Research Libraries Association of Research Libraries Definition The elements that have been identified as common to these definitions are: The elements that have been identified as common to these definitions are: The digital library is not a single entity; The digital library is not a single entity; The digital library requires technology to link the resources of many; The digital library requires technology to link the resources of many; The linkages between the many digital libraries and information services are transparent to the end users; The linkages between the many digital libraries and information services are transparent to the end users; Universal access to digital libraries and information services is a goal; Universal access to digital libraries and information services is a goal; Digital library collections are not limited to document surrogates: they extend to digital artifacts that cannot be represented or distributed in printed formats. Digital library collections are not limited to document surrogates: they extend to digital artifacts that cannot be represented or distributed in printed formats.

6 DLs are constructed – collected and organized – by a community of users. Their functional capabilities support the information needs and uses of that community. DL is an extension, enhancement, and integration of a variety of information institutions as physical places where resources are selected, collected, organized, preserved and accessed in support of a user community. DLs are constructed – collected and organized – by a community of users. Their functional capabilities support the information needs and uses of that community. DL is an extension, enhancement, and integration of a variety of information institutions as physical places where resources are selected, collected, organized, preserved and accessed in support of a user community. Baker, J. Jan 1996 Baker, J. Jan 1996www.gslis.ucla.edu/DL/

7 Digital libraries basically store materials in electronic format and manipulate large collections of those materials effectively. Digital libraries basically store materials in electronic format and manipulate large collections of those materials effectively. Jan Jan

8 Provides access to documents in various languages Provides access to documents in various languages Provides access to documents in various forms Provides access to documents in various forms Various DL integrated to form a global or universal DL Various DL integrated to form a global or universal DL DL encompasses various aspects of computing – database management, human-computer interaction, information science, library science, multimedia language and system, networking, communications DL encompasses various aspects of computing – database management, human-computer interaction, information science, library science, multimedia language and system, networking, communications

9 The information retrieval component is important in DL The information retrieval component is important in DL To ensure effectiveness of use To ensure effectiveness of use To ensure ease of use To ensure ease of use DL must support a large collection of documents, searching, cataloging / indexing DL must support a large collection of documents, searching, cataloging / indexing

10 Problems Problems A system / software that can integrate various DL A system / software that can integrate various DL Payment – required or not required ? Mode of payment? Payment – required or not required ? Mode of payment? Searching for sources in languages other than English Searching for sources in languages other than English

11 Normally developed by an institution Normally developed by an institution Initial – Core Project – prototype of an ELib using journal articles – chemistry – full-text of article – create an index for searching – build seraching mechanisms eg. Boolean operators – add documents – testing of various interfaces Initial – Core Project – prototype of an ELib using journal articles – chemistry – full-text of article – create an index for searching – build seraching mechanisms eg. Boolean operators – add documents – testing of various interfaces ENVISION project – 1991 ENVISION project – 1991 Digital Libraries Initiative – universities in America – each one studies a different component of ELib – all 6 integrated at the end of the project – focus = document collection, searching, interface Digital Libraries Initiative – universities in America – each one studies a different component of ELib – all 6 integrated at the end of the project – focus = document collection, searching, interface

12 Sometimes developed by a country – history, culture, achievements Sometimes developed by a country – history, culture, achievements Europe – ERCIM Europe – ERCIM UK – eLib Initiative UK – eLib Initiative New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia Singapore Singapore Malaysia ???? Malaysia ????

13 MALAYSIA Projects from government and non- government agencies Projects from government and non- government agencies Smart school, ejournal (UKM, UM, UUM, dll), CLJ Online Smart school, ejournal (UKM, UM, UUM, dll), CLJ Online Academic libraries – cyber or digital Academic libraries – cyber or digital Should be centralised at one agency Should be centralised at one agency MIMOS? MDC? Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia? MIMOS? MDC? Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia?

14 Example : FSKTM –3181 & 3182 projects Example : FSKTM –3181 & 3182 projects History History E-history book - 1 E-history book - 1 E-history workbook - 1 E-history workbook - 1 E-conference proceedings - 1 E-conference proceedings - 1 E-historical buildings - 4 E-historical buildings - 4 E-historical personalities - 2 E-historical personalities - 2 Interface - 1 Interface - 1 Query - 1 Query - 1

15 DIGITAL OR NOT DIGITAL? Pustaka Maya Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong - HUKM Pustaka Maya Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong - HUKM Perpustakaan Digital Siti Hasmah – MMU Perpustakaan Digital Siti Hasmah – MMU Perpustakaan Sultanah Zahariah – UTM – eIlmu Perpustakaan Sultanah Zahariah – UTM – eIlmu MIMOS Digital Library - MIMOS Digital Library -

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