Page 1 of 58 HTML Vadim Parizher Computer Science Department California State University, Northridge Slides from text Book by Deitel, Deitel & Nieto These slides are only for use in connection with the COMP 496EBT course Copying other than for private study strictly prohibitted © Same as the book

Page 2 of 58 HTML History  GML – 1969 – Charles Goldfarb et al. (IBM) – for integrated law office information system  GML – 1980 – First ANSI draft  GML – 1983 – ANSI approved. Adopted by IRS, DoD  SGML – 1985 – Draft ISO standard. Adopted by EU  SGML – 1986 – ISO approved.  HTML – 1992 – Introduced by CERN – European Laboratory for Particle Physics  HTML – 1998 – Version 4.0  XHTML – 2000 – First draft (version 2.0 is nearing completion)

Page 3 of Introduction  HTML- HyperText Markup Language  Identify elements of a page so that a browser can render that page on your computer screen  Presentation of a document vs. structure  HTML files or documents  Notepad, MS Frontpage, MS Word, many shareware tools  HTML-Kit:  HTML files .htm or.html extensions  Main page - index.html | default.html  Document rendering - Browser dependent  HTML Errors- browser tolerance

Page 4 of Common Tags  Starts with … tags  Comments tags  HTML documents  HEAD section  Info about the document  Info in header not generally rendered in display window  TITLE element names your Web page  BODY section  Page content  Includes text, images, links, forms, etc.  Elements include backgrounds, link colors and font faces  P element forms a paragraph, blank line before and after

Page 5 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome Welcome to Our Web Site! Head and Body

Page 6 of Headers  Headers  text size based on the header’s “level”  Actual size of text of browser dependent Internet and WWW How to Program - Headers Level 1 Header 15 Level 2 header 16 Level 3 header 17 Level 4 header 18 Level 5 header 19 Level 6 header

Page 7 of Text Styling  Underline style …  Align elements with ALIGN attribute right, left or center  Close nested tags in the reverse order from which they were opened  Emphasis (italics) style …  Strong (bold) style … Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome Welcome to Our Web Site! We have designed this site to teach 14about the wonders of HTML. We have been using 15 HTML since version 2.0, 16and we enjoy the features that have been added recently. It 17seems only a short time ago that we read our first HTML 18book. Soon you will know about many of the great new features 19of HTML Have Fun With the Site!

Page 8 of 58 More Links  - HTML Validation  - HTML Spec

Page 9 of Linking  Links inserted using the A (anchor) element  HREF specifies the URL you would like to link to  …  Can link to addresses, using …

Page 10 of 58 HTML for Linking to other Web pages Internet and WWW How to Program - Links Here are my favorite Internet Search Engines 14 Click on the Search Engine address to go to that 15page > 18 Yahoo: 19http:// AltaVista: 22http:// Ask Jeeves: 25http:// WebCrawler: 28http://

Page 11 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Contact Page > 14 My address is Click on the address and your browser 16will open an message and address it to me links

Page 12 of Images  Image background   Image does not need to be large as browser tiles image across and down the screen  Insert image into page  Use tag  Attributes:  SRC = “location”  HEIGHT (in pixels)  WIDTH (in pixels)  BORDER (black by default)  ALT (text description for browsers that have images turned off or cannot view images)

Page 13 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome > 14<IMG SRC = "deitel.gif" BORDER = "1" HEIGHT = "144" 15 WIDTH = "200" ALT = "Harvey and Paul Deitel"> HTML for adding Image

Page 14 of Formatting Text With  FONT element adds color and formatting to text  FONT attributes:  COLOR Preset or hex color code  SIZE “+x”, “-x” or point size  FACE Font of the text you are formatting  Example …

Page 15 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome Welcome to Our Web Site! We have 16designed this site to teach about the wonders of 17 HTML We have been 20using HTML since version 2.0, 21and we enjoy the features that have been added recently It 24seems only a short time ago that we read our first HTML 25book Soon you will 28know about many of the great new feature of HTML Have Fun With the Site! HTML for Font Specification

Page 16 of Horizontal Rules etc  tag Inserts a line break directly below it  HR attributes:  WIDTH Adjusts the width of the rule- a number (in pixels) or a %  SIZE Determines the height of the horizontal rule, in pixels  ALIGN left, right or center  NOSHADE  Eliminates default shading effect and displays horizontal rule as a solid-color bar

Page 17 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Horizontal Rule > Size: 4 18 Width: 75% Size: Width: 25% Size: 8 26 Width: 50% 27 No shade HTML for HR Rules Etc

Page 18 of Unordered Lists  Unordered list element  Creates a list in which every line begins with a bullet mark  … tags  Each item in unordered list inserted with the (list item) tag  Closing tag optional

Page 19 of 58 Unordered lists with HTML Internet and WWW How to Program - Links Here are my favorite Internet Search Engines 14 Click on the Search Engine address to go to that 15page creates a new unordered (bullet) list --> 18 inserts a new entry into the list --> Yahoo: 21http:// Alta Vista: 24http:// Ask Jeeves: 27http:// WebCrawler: 30http://

Page 20 of Nested and Ordered Lists  Nested list  Contained in another list element  Nesting the new list inside the original  Indents list one level and changes the bullet type to reflect the nesting  Browsers  Insert a line of whitespace after every closed list  Indent each level of a nested list  Makes the code easier to edit and debug

Page 21 of Internet and WWW How to Program - List The Best Features of the Internet You can meet new people from countries around 18 the world. 19 You have access to new media as it becomes public: tag --> New games 25 New applications For business 30 For pleasure HTML for Nested List

Page 22 of Around the clock news 33 Search engines 34 Shopping 35 Programming HTML 38 Java 39 Dynamic HTML 40 Scripts 41 New languages Links 45 Keeping in touch with old friends 46 It is the technology of the future! My 3 Favorite CEO's > Bill Gates 55 Steve Jobs 56 Michael Dell HTML for Nested List Contd.

Page 23 of Ordered Lists  Ordered list element  … tags  By default, ordered lists use decimal sequence numbers  (1, 2, 3, …)  To change sequence type, use TYPE attribute in opening tag  TYPE = “1” (default)  Decimal sequence (1, 2, 3, …)  TYPE = “I”  Uppercase Roman numerals (I, II, III, …)  TYPE = “i”  Lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, …)  TYPE = “A”  Uppercase alphabetical (A, B, C, …)  TYPE = “a”  Lowercase alphabetical (a, b, c, …)

Page 24 of Internet and WWW How to Program - List Web Site Outline OR as --> Home page 22 Links page Links to search engines 25 Links to information sites News sites TV based 30 HTML for Ordered List

Page 25 of CNN 32 Headline News Text based New York Times 37 Washington Post Stock sites Links to "fun" sites Feedback page 45 Contact page 46 HTML Example Pages HTML for Ordered List Contd

Page 26 of 58 Different types of ordered lists

Page 27 of Basic HTML Tables  Tables  All tags and text go inside … tags  TABLE element attributes  BORDER lets you set the width of the table’s border in pixels  ALIGN : left, right or center  WIDTH: pixels (absolute) or a percentage  CAPTION element is inserted directly above the table  Helps text-based browsers interpret table data

Page 28 of Basic HTML tables  TABLE element (cont.)  THEAD element  Header info  For example, titles of table and column headers  TR element  Table row element used for formatting the cells of individual rows  TBODY element  Used for formatting and grouping purposes  Smallest area of the table we are able to format is data cells  Two types of data cells  In the header: … suitable for titles and column headings  In the table body: …  Aligned left by default

Page 29 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Tables Table Example Page tag opens a new table and lets you put in --> tag to summarize the table's contents --> Here is a small sample table is the first (non-scrolling) horizontal --> inserts a header cell and displays bold text --> This is the head > inserts a data cell, with regular text --> HTML for tables

Page 30 of This is the body HTML for tables Contd

Page 31 of 58 A complex table with formatting and color

Page 32 of 58 Homework  Create Home Page off  Hint: create public_html directory off your $HOME and give it public read- execute rights.  Do Exercises (Write HTML by hand, no MS-Word “saved as HTML” will be accepted!).  FTP solution to ftp.csun.edu. Grant appropriate access and TEST with any browser!ftp.csun.edu  me the link.  Due:

Page 33 of Basic HTML Forms  Forms  Collect information from people viewing your site  FORM element  METHOD attribute indicates the way the Web server will organize and send you form output  Web server: machine that processes browser requests  METHOD = “post” in a form that causes changes to server data  METHOD = “get” in a form that does not cause any changes in server data  Form data sent to server as an environment variable  Processed by scripts  ACTION attribute  Path to a script (a CGI script written in Perl, C or other languages)

Page 34 of Basic HTML Forms  INPUT element  Attributes:  TYPE (required)  Hidden inputs always have TYPE = “hidden”  Defines the usage of the INPUT element  TYPE = “text” inserts a one-line text box  NAME provides a unique identification for INPUT element  VALUE indicates the value that the INPUT element sends to the server upon submission  SIZE  For TYPE = “text”, specifies the width of the text input, measured in characters  MAXLENGTH  For TYPE = “text”, specifies the maximum number of characters that the text input will accept

Page 35 of Basic HTML Forms  INPUT element (cont.)  Include textual identifier adjacent to INPUT element  2 types of INPUT elements that should be inserted into every form:  TYPE = “submit” inserts a button that submits data to the server  VALUE attribute changes the text displayed on the button (default is “ Submit ”)  TYPE = “reset” inserts a button that clears all entries the user entered into the form  VALUE attribute changes the text displayed on the button (default is “ Reset ”)  TYPE can be “hidden”, “text”, “submit”, “reset”, “password”, “checkbox”, “radio”

Page 36 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Forms Feedback Form Please fill out this form to help us improve our site <INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "recipient" 21 VALUE = 22<INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "subject" 23 VALUE = "Feedback Form"> 24<INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "redirect" 25 VALUE = "main.html"> inserts a text box --> HTML for Forms

Page 37 of Name: Forms with Feedback data

Page 38 of More Complex HTML Forms  TEXTAREA element  Inserts a scrollable text box into FORM  ROWS and COLS attributes specify the number of character rows and columns  INPUT element  TYPE = “password”  Inserts a text box where data displayed as asterisks  Actual data submitted to server

Page 39 of More Complex HTML Forms  INPUT element (cont.)  TYPE = “checkbox” creates a checkbox  Used individually or in groups  Each checkbox in a group should have same NAME  Make sure that the checkboxes within a group have different VALUE attribute values  Otherwise, browser will cannot distinguish between them  CHECKED attribute checks boxes initially  TYPE = “radio”  Radio buttons similar in function and usage to checkboxes  Only one radio button in a group can be selected  CHECKED attribute indicates which radio button is selected initially

Page 40 of More Complex Forms  SELECT element  Places a selectable list of items inside FORM  Include NAME attribute  Add an item to list  Insert an OPTION element in the … tags  Closing OPTION tag optional  SELECTED attribute applies a default selection to list  Change the number of list options visible  Including the SIZE = “x” attribute inside the tag  x number of options visible

Page 41 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Forms Feedback Form Please fill out this form to help us improve our site <INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "recipient" 18 VALUE = 19<INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "subject" 20 VALUE = "Feedback Form"> 21<INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "redirect" 22 VALUE = "main.html"> Name: creates a textbox of the size given --> 28 Comments: HTML for forms

Page 42 of inserts a textbox whose --> Address: creates a checkbox --> 38 Things you liked: 39 40Site design 41 42Links 43 44Ease of use 45 46Images 47 48Source code HTML for passwords & checkboxes

Page 43 of 58 Form including textareas, password boxes and checkboxes

Page 44 of Internet and WWW How to Program - Forms Feedback Form Please fill out this form to help us improve our site <INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "recipient" 18 VALUE = 19<INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "subject" 20 VALUE = "Feedback Form"> 21<INPUT TYPE = "hidden" NAME = "redirect" 22 VALUE = "main.html"> Name: Comments: HTML for Forms

Page 45 of Address: Things you liked: 35 36Site design 37 38Links 39 40Ease of use 41 42Images 43 44Source code creates a radio button. The --> How did you get to our site?: 52 53Search engine 54<INPUT NAME = "how get to site" TYPE = "radio" 55 VALUE = "search engine" CHECKED> 56Links from another site 57<INPUT NAME = "how get to site" TYPE = "radio" 58 VALUE = "link"> Radio Buttons

Page 46 of 58 59Deitel.com Web site 60<INPUT NAME = "how get to site" TYPE = "radio" 61 VALUE = "deitel.com"> 62Reference in a book 63<INPUT NAME = "how get to site" TYPE = "radio" 64 VALUE = "book"> 65Other 66<INPUT NAME = "how get to site" TYPE = "radio" 67 VALUE = "other"> tag presents a drop down menu with --> 71 tags --> 72 Rate our site (1-10): Amazing:-) The Pits:-( Pull Down List

Page 47 of 58 HTML form including radio buttons and pulldown lists

Page 48 of Tags  Search engines  Catalog sites by following links from page to page  Save identification and classification info   Tells browser that HTML conforms to a Transitional subset of HTML version 4.0  META tag  Main HTML element that interacts with search engines

Page 49 of Tags  META tags  Contain two attributes that should always be used:  NAME identifies type of META tag  CONTENT provides info the search engine will catalog about your site  CONTENT of a META tag with NAME = “keywords”  Provides search engines with a list of words that describe key aspects of your site  CONTENT of a META tag with NAME = “description”  Should be 3 to 4 lines  Used by search engines to catalog and display your site  META elements  Not visible to users of the site  Should be placed inside header section

Page 50 of and tags --> tags give search engines information they need --> 9 10<META NAME = "keywords" CONTENT = "Webpage, design, HTML, 11 tutorial, personal, help, index, form, contact, feedback, 12 list, links, frame, deitel"> 13 14<META NAME = "description" CONTENT = "This Web site will help 15 you learn the basics of HTML and Webpage design through the 16 use of interactive examples and instruction."> Internet and WWW How to Program - Welcome Welcome to Our Web Site! We have 26designed this site to teach about the wonders of 27 HTML We have been 30using HTML since version 2.0, Meta Tags

Page 51 of 58 31and we enjoy the features that have been added recently It 34seems only a short time ago that we read our first HTML 35book Soon you will 38know about many of the great new feature of HTML Have Fun With the Site! Meta Tags

Page 52 of Tag  Frames  Display more than one HTML file at a time  If used properly, frames make your site more readable and usable  tag  Uses Frameset instead of Transitional  Tell the browser that you are using frames  tags  Tell the browser the page contains frames  Details for frames contained within … tags  COLS or ROWS attribute gives the width or height of each frame  In pixels or a percentage

Page 53 of Tag  FRAME elements  Specify what files will make up frameset  FRAME attributes:  NAME - identifies specific frame, enabling hyperlinks to load in their intended frame  TARGET attribute of A element  Ex.  TARGET = “_blank” loads page in a new blank browser window  TARGET = “_self” loads page in the same window as anchor element  TARGET = “_parent” loads page in the parent FRAMESET  TARGET = _top” loads page in the full browser window  SRC  Gives the URL of the page that will be displayed in the specified frame

Page 54 of Tag  Not all browsers support frames  Use the NOFRAMES element inside the FRAMESET  Direct users to a non-framed version  Provide links for downloading a frames-enabled browser  Use of frames  Do not use frames if you can accomplish same with tables or other, simpler HTML formatting

Page 55 of <META NAME = "keywords" CONTENT = "Webpage, design, HTML, 9 tutorial, personal, help, index, form, contact, feedback, 10 list, links, frame, deitel"> 11 12<META NAME = "description" CONTENT = "This Web site will help 13 you learn the basics of HTML and Webpage design through the 14 use of interactive examples and instruction."> Internet and WWW How to Program - Main tag gives the dimensions of your frame --> This page uses frames, but your browser does not support 29 them. 30 Get Internet Explorer 5 at the HTML for frames

Page 56 of Microsoft Web Site HTML for frames

Page 57 of 58 Frameset vs. Transitional  Frameset.dtd: … …

Page 58 of 58 Web Site with two frames

Page 59 of Nested Tags  FRAME element  SCROLLING attribute  Set to “no” to prevent scroll bars  NORESIZE attribute prevents user from resizing the frame  Nesting frames  Include the correct number of FRAME elements inside FRAMESET  Using nested FRAMESET elements  Indent every level of FRAME tag  Makes page clearer and easier to debug

Page 60 of <META NAME = "keywords" CONTENT = "Webpage, design, HTML, 10 tutorial, personal, help, index, form, contact, feedback, 11 list, links, frame, deitel"> 12 13<META NAME = "description" CONTENT = "This Web site will help 14 you learn the basics of HTML and Webpage design through the 15 use of interactive examples and instruction."> This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't 29 support them. Nested Frames

Page 61 of Get Internet Explorer 5 at the 31 Microsoft 32 Web-Site Nested Frames

Page 62 of 58 Framed Web site with a nested frameset

Page 63 of 58 Homework