The Applications of Nano Materials Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering San Jose State University Zhen Guo, Ph. D.

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 2 Final Review Traditional theme mainstreaming materials science for last years Traditional theme mainstreaming materials science for last years Microstructure PropertiesMaterialsApplications Processing Basic Materials Science Principles Part I Part IIPart III

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 3 Fundamentals of Nano Material Science Session II: Atomic Structure/Quantum Mechanics Session III:Bonding / Band Structures Session IV:Computational Nano Materials Science Session V:Surface / Interface Properties

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 4 Quantum Mechanics Duality of Light – Photoelectric Effect Duality of Light – Photoelectric Effect Duality of Electrons Duality of Electrons De Broglie Relations De Broglie Relations Diffraction: Young’s double split / Bragg’s law Diffraction: Young’s double split / Bragg’s law Schrödinger Equation Schrödinger Equation 1-D free electrons 1-D free electrons 1-D, 3-D infinite well / Potential Box 1-D, 3-D infinite well / Potential Box Hydrogen and Helium Atoms Hydrogen and Helium Atoms

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 5 Quantum Mechanics (Cont’d) Atomic Structure and Periodical Table Atomic Structure and Periodical Table Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Role Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Role Bohr’s Model Bohr’s Model Quantum numbers and energy level Quantum numbers and energy level Uncertainty Principle Uncertainty Principle Fourier Transformation between Position and momentum Fourier Transformation between Position and momentum Conjugate Operators. Conjugate Operators. Reciprocal Lattice Reciprocal Lattice

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 6 Bonding and Band Structure Atomic Bonding Atomic Bonding Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals H2 Molecular H2 Molecular Multi atom molecular Multi atom molecular Band Structure in solids – many atom system Band Structure in solids – many atom system Band structure for semiconductor and metals Band structure for semiconductor and metals Band structure for Nano materials (CNT, C60) Band structure for Nano materials (CNT, C60) Bonding Type – different bonding types. Bonding Type – different bonding types. Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, and Hydrogen Bonding Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, and Hydrogen Bonding

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 7 Surface and Interface Crystal Lattice – Atomic Plane and Direction Crystal Lattice – Atomic Plane and Direction Miller Index, Inter layer distance, atomic density Miller Index, Inter layer distance, atomic density FCC, BCC, Diamond structure, lattice parameter FCC, BCC, Diamond structure, lattice parameter Surface Energy Surface Energy Source -- Difference between bulk and surface Source -- Difference between bulk and surface Least surface energy plane. Least surface energy plane. Wolfe Structure and crystal facets Wolfe Structure and crystal facets Thermodynamics and Kinetics Thermodynamics and Kinetics Critical Nucleus, melting point verse particle size Critical Nucleus, melting point verse particle size Physical and chemical absorpion Physical and chemical absorpion Young’s equation, contact angle, wetting condition Young’s equation, contact angle, wetting condition

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 8 Bonding and Band Structure Atomic Bonding Atomic Bonding Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals H2 Molecular H2 Molecular Multi atom molecular Multi atom molecular Band Structure in solids – many atom system Band Structure in solids – many atom system Band structure for semiconductor and metals Band structure for semiconductor and metals Band structure for Nano materials (CNT, C60) Band structure for Nano materials (CNT, C60) Bonding Type – different bonding types. Bonding Type – different bonding types. Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, and Hydrogen Bonding Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, and Hydrogen Bonding

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 9 Surface and Interface Crystal Lattice – Atomic Plane and Direction Crystal Lattice – Atomic Plane and Direction Miller Index, Inter layer distance, atomic density Miller Index, Inter layer distance, atomic density FCC, BCC, Diamond structure, lattice parameter FCC, BCC, Diamond structure, lattice parameter Surface Energy Surface Energy Source -- Difference between bulk and surface Source -- Difference between bulk and surface Least surface energy plane. Least surface energy plane. Wolfe Structure and crystal facets Wolfe Structure and crystal facets Thermodynamics and Kinetics Thermodynamics and Kinetics Critical Nucleus, melting point verse particle size Critical Nucleus, melting point verse particle size Physical and chemical absorpion Physical and chemical absorpion Young’s equation, contact angle, wetting condition Young’s equation, contact angle, wetting condition

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 10 Technology and Characterization of Nano Material Science Session VI: Nano Technology: Bottom Up Approach Session VII:Nano Technology: Top Down Approach Session VIII: Nano Material Characterization

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 11 Nano Technology – Bottom Up Approaches Nano metallic particle synthesis Nano semiconductor materials synthesis Carbon based nano structure synthesis Self assembly nano materials Challenge: The control of nano particle sizes, distributions and their locations

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 12 Nano Technology – Top Down Approaches Thin Film Growth Mechanisms Thin Film Growth Mechanisms Homo-Epitaxy: Step Propagation, 2-D island and multilayer growth Homo-Epitaxy: Step Propagation, 2-D island and multilayer growth Hetero-Epitaxy: Frank-Van de Merve model, Volmer- Weber Model and Stranski-Krastanov Model Hetero-Epitaxy: Frank-Van de Merve model, Volmer- Weber Model and Stranski-Krastanov Model Thin Film Deposition Methods Thin Film Deposition Methods PVD / CVD / ALD / MOCVD PVD / CVD / ALD / MOCVD Nano Lithography Nano Lithography Nano imprint Litho (NIL), AFM based, Nano array Litho Nano imprint Litho (NIL), AFM based, Nano array Litho

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 13 Nano Technology – Nano Material Characterization Reciprocal Lattice Reciprocal Lattice Calculate reciprocal lattice of SC, BCC, FCC Calculate reciprocal lattice of SC, BCC, FCC Diffraction Diffraction Bragg’s Law Bragg’s Law Incident Beam wavelength verse resolution Incident Beam wavelength verse resolution Ewald’s Sphere Ewald’s Sphere Characterization of Nano materials Characterization of Nano materials Nano materials reciprocal lattice Nano materials reciprocal lattice Principle of peak broadening and grain size measurement through X-ray Principle of peak broadening and grain size measurement through X-ray

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 14 The Applications of Nano Materials Nano Materials Applications Electronics Magnetic Device Optics MEMS Bio Device Structure Daily Life consumable Renewable Energy

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 15 Nano Structural Materials Stress and Strain Stress and Strain Definition of engineering and true stress and strain Definition of engineering and true stress and strain Typical Stress / strain curve for different materials Typical Stress / strain curve for different materials Interpretation of Stress-strain curve: Interpretation of Stress-strain curve: Elasticity and Young’s Modulus Elasticity and Young’s Modulus Plasticity, Yield strength and Ultimate Strength Plasticity, Yield strength and Ultimate Strength Work Hardening and necking Work Hardening and necking Total Elongation and work done Total Elongation and work done Microstructure Evolution during tensile test Microstructure Evolution during tensile test

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 16 Nano Structural Materials (Con’d) Grain Refinement for structural materials Grain Refinement for structural materials Hall – Petch Relations Hall – Petch Relations Ductile – Brittle Transition Ductile – Brittle Transition Strength and toughness trade-off and the effect of grain refinement Strength and toughness trade-off and the effect of grain refinement Nano Structural Materials Nano Structural Materials Inverse Hall -- Patch Equation Inverse Hall -- Patch Equation Dominant deformation mechanism changed for different grain size for Nano materials from intra grain to inter grain Dominant deformation mechanism changed for different grain size for Nano materials from intra grain to inter grain Dislocation interaction mechanism Dislocation interaction mechanism

Instructor: Dr. Zhen Guo MatE 297, Spring 2006 Session II, Slide 17 Nano Electronic Materials MOSFET Principles MOSFET Principles MOSFET Band Structure MOSFET Band Structure Accumulation, Depletion and Inversion Region Accumulation, Depletion and Inversion Region Tunneling effect and current limination of scaling Tunneling effect and current limination of scaling Single Electron Transistor Single Electron Transistor Coulomb Blockade phenomena Coulomb Blockade phenomena Necessary condition for single electron box Necessary condition for single electron box Principles and conditions for single electron transistor Principles and conditions for single electron transistor Fabrication Methods for SET Fabrication Methods for SET Other devices – Spintronics, FE-MRM Other devices – Spintronics, FE-MRM