GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

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Presentation transcript:

GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology Rheology: “science of deformation and flow of matter” or relationship between stress and strain 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

Idealized Elastic Material Linear relationship between force and extension (Hooke, 1676): C e I I I n o s s s t t u u Ut tensio sic uis As extension so the force 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology sa = f/A ea = (b-B)/B sp = 0 ep = (w-W)/W n = - ep / ea (Poisson ratio) Measures compressibility 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology E (young’s modulus) = d sa/d ea Units of stress 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

Idealized Elastic Material 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

Stiffness and strength “Lest there be any possible, probably, shadow of doubt, strength is not, repeat not, the same thing as stiffness. Stiffness, or Young’s modulus or E, is concerned with how stiff, flexible, springy or floppy a material is. Strenght is the force or stress needed to break a thing. A biscuit is stiff but weak, steel is stiff and strong, nylon is flexible (low E and strong), raspberry jelly is flexible (low E) and weak. The two properties together describe a solid about as well as you can reasonably expect two figures to do. (Gordon) 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology Plasticity Steady deformation at yield strength -Davis and Reynolds 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology

GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology Viscosity Strain rate proportional to differential stress -Davis and Reynolds 17 April 2017 GLG510 Advanced Structural Geology