/ Líf í alheimi Stjörnufræði/eðlisfræði – efnafræði – lífvísindi – jarðvísindi/plánetufræði Atóm – efnatengi Efnatengi kolefnis Atóm og sameindir í geimnum; Upplýsingaöflun skv. litrófsmælingum(?) Sameindir í alheimi; Tilvist og tilurð(?) Samspil “ljóss” og sameinda; ljósefnafræði, ljósjónun, ljósrofnun Varmaefnafræði Lífefnafræði

2x :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E :::: :::: :::: n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E s  Orka sameinda(svigrúma) líka skömmtuð ?

Aðdráttar- Kraftar, F - fráhrindi- kraftur, F + Netto kraftur = F = F + + F - Þ.e. orkan háð fjarlægð milli atóma mættisferill U r

n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 :::: E A A - B A(n=1) +B A(n=2) + B A(n=3) + B A(n=1) A(n=2) A(n=3) r AB

A - B r AB A(n) + B  A - B A(n) + B r AB v = 0 v = 1 v = 2 v = 3 E(v)

A - B A(n) + B r AB E(v) =E total U pot E kin U pot E kin max = E vib E vib vex með v AB

A - B A(n) + B r AB E(v) =E total E vib vex með v AB E vib  C(v+1/2)

J=0 J=1 J=2 J=3 J=4 J=5 E(J) E(J) vex með J E(J) = BJ(J+1)

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n) :::: E(v)E(J) :::: ::::

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

Gamma röntgen Útfjólubl. Sýni- legt innrautt Útvarps- bylgjur örbylgjur

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n) :::: E(v)E(J) :::: ::::

...eða útgeislun:

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

Orion nebula H atóm

Gler- strendingur Bylgju- lengd

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A=H E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

H2H2

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

Glycinemetanol kolmonoxíð Örbylgjuróf/ snúningsróf

2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) 2006 NSMgNCH3O+H3O+ H 2 COH + OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN HDAlNC FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells (as of 11/2006) :

2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms NaClN2H+N2H+ c-SiC 3 OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN HDAlNC FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms NaClN2H+N2H+ c-SiC 3 OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN 2 atoms3 atoms FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells (as of 11/2006) :

2 atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms6 atoms7 atoms H2H2 C3*C3*c-C 3 HC5*C5*C5HC5HC6HC6H AlFC2HC2Hl-C 3 HC4HC4Hl-H 2 C 4 CH 2 CHCN AlClC2OC2OC3NC3NC 4 SiC2H4*C2H4*CH 3 C 2 H C 2 **C2SC2SC3OC3Ol-C 3 H 2 CH 3 CNHC 5 N CH 2 CH C3SC3Sc-C 3 H 2 CH 3 NCCH 3 CHO CH + CH HCNC2H2*C2H2*H 2 CCNCH 3 OHCH 3 NH 2 CNHCONH 3 CH 4 *CH 3 SHc-C 2 H 4 O COHCO + HCCNHC 3 NHC 3 NH + H 2 CCHOH CO + HCS + HCNH + HC 2 NCHC 2 CHO C 6 H – C 6 H – 2006 CPHOC + HNCOHCOOHNH 2 CHO SiCH2OH2OHNCSH 2 CNHC5NC5N HClH2SH2SHOCO + H2C2OH2C2Ol-HC 4 H*l-HC 4 H* (?) KClHNCH 2 COH 2 NCNl-HC 4 N NHHNOH 2 CNHNC 3 c-H 2 C 3 O c-H 2 C 3 O 2006 NOMgCNH 2 CSSiH 4 * H 2 CCNHH 2 CCNH (?) atoms3 atoms4 atoms5 atoms NaClN2H+N2H+ c-SiC 3 OHN2ON2OCH 3 * PNNaCN SOOCS SO + SO 2 SiNc-SiC 2 SiOCO 2 * SiSNH 2 CSH3+*H3+* HFH 2 D +, HD 2 + SH*SiCN HDAlNC FeOFeO (?)SiNC O 2 O 2 (?) 2005 CF + CF SiHSiH (?) 8 atoms9 atoms10 atoms11 atoms12 atoms13 atoms CH 3 C 3 NCH 3 C 4 H CH 3 C 5 N CH 3 C 5 N 2006 HC 9 NC 6 H 6 *C 6 H 6 * (?)HC 11 N HCOOCH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CN (CH 3 ) 2 CO 2005 CH 3 C 6 H CH 3 C 6 H 2006 C 2 H 5 OCH 3 (?) 2005 CH 3 COOH(CH 3 ) 2 O (CH 2 OH) 2 (CH 2 OH) C7HC7HCH 3 CH 2 OHCH 3 CH 2 CHO H2C6H2C6 HC 7 N CH 2 OHCHO CH 2 OHCHO 2006 C8HC8H l-HC 6 H*l-HC 6 H* (?) CH 3 C(O)NH 2 CH 3 C(O)NH CH 2 CHCHOCH 2 CHCHO (?) CH 2 CCHCN 2006 : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells (as of 11/2006)

Vetni(H) Annað(C,O,N,Si..)  75%  25%  1% Helíum(He)

tegunda- og magngreining möguleg MEIRA? Innbyrðis styrkur litrófslína, sama efnis breytilegur (?)

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

E(n) n=1 n=2 n=3 n  : A E(n) A-B E(n)E(v)E(J)

(1)(2)

“Hitamælir”: Calc. measured

Hiti mismikill í geimnum, sbr.:...sameindaský “giant molecular clouds” / GMC Heit sameindaský:..í nánd við stjörnur / ljósorku Köld sameindaský: Fjarri stjörnum / ljósorku

Köld sameindaský:

 75%  25%  1% H2H2