Tuesday, January 25, Management of Information Systems: Mini-3 Spring 2000

Tuesday, January 25, Agenda Announcements and Reminders Technology Byte Presentations Computer Software: Concepts and Trends The Software Development Process Web Page Design and Coding FrontPage Demo (Cont’d) HTML Basics

Tuesday, January 25, Announcements Technology Byte Presentations Today (1/25): Section A: CyberCoast, Calc.com, WHJ Consultants Section B: Y2K, The Mob Thursday (1/27): Section A: E-Team, Tigers Section B: E-Sales, The Masters IT Exercise I Due on Thursday (1/27)

Tuesday, January 25, The Information Technology Platform: Building Blocks HARDWARE SOFTWARE & DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Tuesday, January 25, Software Trivia Who is considered to be the first computer programmer?

Tuesday, January 25, COMPUTER SOFTWARE HARDWARE HARDWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM: SCHEDULES COMPUTER EVENTS, ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES MONITORS EVENTS LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS: INTERPRETERS COMPILERS UTILITY PROGRAMS: ROUTINE OPERATIONS MANAGE DATA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; “FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES

Tuesday, January 25, General- Purpose Application Programs General- Purpose Application Programs Application- Specific Programs Application- Specific Programs System Management Programs System Management Programs System Development Programs System Development Programs Application Software System Software System Software Computer Software Computer Software Types of Computer Software

Tuesday, January 25, Resource Management Resource Management Task Management Task Management User Interface User Interface File Management File Management Utilities and Other Functions Utilities and Other Functions Functions of an Operating System

Tuesday, January 25, Operating Systems Examples: Windows, Windows-NT, Linux, MS-DOS, Mac OS, Unix, OS/2 Why should managers care about operating systems?

Tuesday, January 25, Machine Languages: Use Binary Coded Instructions Assembler Languages: Use Symbolic Coded Instructions (e.g., Assembler) High-Level Languages: Use Brief Statements or Arithmetic Notation (e.g., COBOL, PL/1, Fortran) Fourth-Generation Languages: Object-Oriented Languages: Use Combinations of Objects (e.g., Java, C++, VisualBasic) Use Natural and Nonprocedural Statements (e.g., SQL) Types of Programming Languages

Tuesday, January 25, Examples of Commands in Different Levels of Languages Machine Language: Assembler Language: LOD Y ADD Z STR X High-Level Languages: X = Y + Z 4 th Generation Languages: Sum the following numbers….

Tuesday, January 25, Language Translation Process Language Translation Process Source Program Machine Language Object Program Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc. Language Translator Program Compiler Interpreter Assembler The Language Translation Process

Tuesday, January 25, OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING COMBINES DATA & PROCEDURES INTO A SINGLE OBJECT PROGRAM SENDS MESSAGE TO OBJECT TO PERFORM EMBEDDED PROCEDURE OBJECT’S DATA ENCAPSULATED FROM REST OF SYSTEM CREATES REUSABLE CODE REDUCES TIME AND COST OF WRITING SOFTWARE

Tuesday, January 25, Examples of Object Classes Class Name Attributes Methods

Tuesday, January 25, First Generation First Generation Second Generation Second Generation Third Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Fifth Generation User-Written Programs Machine Languages Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages Operating Systems High-Level Languages DBMS Fourth- Generation Languages Microcomputer Packages Natural & Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools Trends in Programming Languages

Tuesday, January 25, Programming Languages Why should managers care about programming languages?

Tuesday, January 25, Development Product: Operational System Development Product: Operational System Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Investigation Product: Feasibility Study Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Analysis Product: Functional Requirements Design Product: System Specifications Design Product: System Specifications Maintenance Product: Improved System Maintenance Product: Improved System Understand the Business Problem or Opportunity Develop a Software Solution Implement the Software Solution Software Development Cycle

Tuesday, January 25, Organizational Feasibility Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility Operational Feasibility Investigation

Tuesday, January 25, Data Design Data Design User Interface Design User Interface Design Process Design Process Design Analysis & Design

Tuesday, January 25, Development Alternatives Buy a package (or an object!) Develop software code Prototyping CASE tools

Tuesday, January 25, Use and Maintain the Accepted System Use and Maintain the Accepted System Identify an End User's Information Requirements Identify an End User's Information Requirements Develop Information System Prototypes Develop Information System Prototypes Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Revise the Prototypes to Better Meet End User Requirements Prototyping Cycle Maintenance Cycle Prototyping

Tuesday, January 25, Planning Toolset Analysis Toolset Design Toolset Information Integrator Workstation Repositories Code Generation Toolset Database Generation Toolset System Interface Server Repository CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering

Tuesday, January 25, Development Managerial Concerns Cost/Budget Cycle Time Schedule Errors

Tuesday, January 25, Maintenance Coding done after software implemented Average software systems life = 10 years Managerial concerns: Cost of maintenance When to repair, enhance, or replace?