Product Marketing Manager EMEA Ethernet Everywhere™ all your applications supported in the LAN, MAN and WAN Martin van Schooten Product Marketing Manager EMEA mvschooten@extremenetworks.com

Conventional Wisdom - Past Voice Data Key Systems PBX C.O. Switches CSU/DSU Multiplexer Router Remote Bridge Enterprise Switch LAN Switch Adapter Card 802 LAN Video Industry “Convergence” toward ? 18 12 4

The Evolution of Conventional wisdom LAN WAN MAN RAN The crystal ball… 5 Years ago ATM 2 Years ago Ethernet ATM 5 Years ago ATM was thought to be the technology for the future. A single technology for the LAN, MAN & WAN. 2 Years ago we realised that ATM was too complex and too expensive for the LAN. Also, improvements in Ethernet technology (ie, switching, 802.1p etc) gave us a "new and improved" Ethernet. Today, Ethernet is clearly here to stay in the LAN and is now used to construct private MANs. Also, as bandwidth becomes more of a commodity, CLECs are starting to use Ethernet for the construction of MANs & RANs ATM Today Ethernet

Why was ATM regarded the Holy Grail ? Scalable Bandwidth Economical Deployment 25, 155, 622 Mbps etc Ubiquitous LAN/MAN/WAN “ATM Everywhere” Quality of Service Good for Voice/Video Bandwidth /Latency Resilience Rock solid infrastructure Meshed networks 5 Years ago ATM had several advantages over Ethernet

Ethernet as it started 18 12 4

but speed is only part of the story Evolution of Ethernet Speed 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps but speed is only part of the story

Evolution of Ethernet Speed Topology Packet Forwarding 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps Topology Bus Star/Tree Mesh Packet Forwarding Bus Repeater L2-switch L3-switch Quality of Service CSMA/DC Full Duplex Priority Controlled BW Distance 2km 200m (CSMA/CD) Unlimited (Full Duplex)

Ethernet Evolution 2001/2002 1999/2000 1998/1999 Wide Area TDM Connection WAN Level Core Connectivity WAN Access Services 10,000 Mbps 10 Gigabit Ethernet 1999/2000 MAN Level Metro Network 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet 1998/1999 Backbone Level Switch Enterprise Router 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet 1970’s/1980’s Desktop Level Workgroup Level Desktop Switch Workgroup Servers 10/100 Mbps Ethernet As this network diagram shows, Gigabit Ethernet will be used: For server connectivity, at places in the network where a lot of traffic is concentrated (highlight). As a high-performance uplink for workgroup switches (highlight). In the backbone - (it’s primary role).

Ethernet Scalability 5 years ago connections were predominatly 10Mbps Ethernet with Fast Ethernet just being introduced as a competing technology to FDDI. At that time, a scalable ATM solution looked attractive. Moreover, 5 years ago there was no Layer-3 switching. Layer-2 switched networks do not scale very well and s/w based routers where bottlenecks Today, Ethernet is offered at 10, 100 & 1000Mbps and 10Gigabit Ethernet products are expected shortly. So in fact, Ethernet has turned out to be more scalable that ATM. Also, the introduction of Layer-3 switching (aka routing) means we can build VERY scalable networks with Ethernet and L3 switches.

Quality of Service TDM Switch SDH famous for QoS Voice Data Video TDM Switch SDH famous for QoS Guaranteed Bandwidth Fixed latency By reserving transmission time (timeslots) SDH is famous for it and it’s what you get with any TDM technology. Gauranteed bandwidth and guaranteed fixed latency (ie low jitter). …. And why…… because TDM means that timeslots are reserved for different traffic streams…… even if a particular traffic stream doesn’t need to forward any data. That’s been good in the past but it isn’t particularly efficient. For example, if no video traffic is being forwarded (because no one is watching a video), the bandwidth is still reserved for the video and so the bandwidth cannot be used by other applications.

Guaranteed! Bandwidth by the Slice Min 15Mb/s Subnet X Bi-directional Guaranteed! Min 15Mb/s Subnet X Max 30Mb/s web data Min 5Mb/s VoIP Committed Information Rate (CIR) -type services for Ethernet Bi-direct rate shaping Control traffic on Egress Police traffic on Ingress So Ethernet can be sliced up in a similar way to an SDH ring. If, say, VoIP traffic needs 5Mbps to operate, then the bandwidth can be reserved explicitly for that application. In fact, it’s better than TDM. If the VoIP traffic doesn’t need to use all of the 5Mb/s of bandwidth, the remainder can be used by other applications.

SDH Restoration Key attribute of Sonet/SDH SDH SDH – Multiplexed Switching Protection (MSP) Sonet - Automatic Protection Switching (APS) 50-60ms failover ADM SDH The second famous characteristic of SDH/sonet is the recovery times when a fibre link or equipment component fails. Carriers are used to around 50ms recovery times which are achieve due to MSP (for SDH) or APS (sonet) technology which monitors the ring and wraps when a faul occurs. ADM ADM

(Gigabit) Ethernet Restoration SDH ring Gigabit Ethernet Rings Ring or Mesh topology Link state routing algorithms Convergence times OSPF ~ 6 seconds IS-IS ~ 6 seconds (Fast) Spanning Tree ~1 sec MPLS improves recovery Reserve paths before failure 10-50 ms New Ring technologies Resilient Packet Ring EAPS < 1 sec failover Here’s yet another area where Ethernet has improved vastly over the last few years. We can build Ethernet networks using mesh or ring architectures and both have there advantages. Recovery mechanisms such as can operate at Layer-2 or Layer-3 and can provide restoration in one or a few seconds. Is this fast enough ? Well it’s certainly not as fast as SDH/sonet……. But is it fast enough ? Obviously it depends on the importance of the traffic being carried…. but also how often a failure is expected. 6 seconds of downtime every 6 months isn’t bad by anyone’s standards. Techniques such as MPLS will only improve recovery times. MPLS allows a “make before break” feature which allows backup paths to be reserved in advance reducing recovery times to those similar to SDH. In addition, new ring technologies such as Resilient Packet Ring (assigned to IEEE 802.17) are being developed to reduce recovery times for packet based networks. However, this is likely to take several years to develop a standard. In the meantime, Extreme Networks has pioneered EAPS – Ethernet Auto Protection System – which introduces an SDH/sonet type recovery mechanism to an Ethernet ring architecture. [note to presenter: it is likely that Extreme will commit to sub-second recovery times for EAPS athough in actual fact recovery time could be fairly close to SDH times. However, care should be taken to avoid commitments on this at this time]

Gigabit Ethernet Distance isn’t the issue for the MAN/RAN 100 meters Cat 5 UTP wiring T 62.5µ MMF 220/275 meters SX 50.0µ MMF 500/550 meters 550 meters LX 10.0µ SMF 5000 meters 62.5µ MMF 70km 10.0µ SMF 100 km with Extenders LX Distance isn’t the issue for the MAN/RAN

Yipes Regional Gigabit Network Yipes Metro Network Yipes GigaPOPs WAN connectivity Private & Public peering Product Offerings YipesNet High speed Internet access An era of Bandwidth Abundance Up to 1Gbps starting at 1Mbps YipesMAN Regional Virtual Campus Connects across the MAN at LAN speeds Uses Extreme vMAN function

Price Model changes Radically $ Megabits SONET/ATM IP/Ethernet Traditional Telco model T1 1.5 Mbps ~ $1000/month T3 45 Mbps ~ $10k/month Optical Ethernet cost models 3 Mbps ~ $900/month 100Mbps ~ $4k/month “Customers can buy as little or as much bandwidth as they want. It's a fantastic proposition. The potential market is huge” Forrester Research

Electronics/optics $/Mbps Cost comparisons Electronics/optics $/Mbps BW mgmt & Provisioning Annual Maint Upgrades BW on Demand IP/ATM/SONET $8-40 $5k $750-$3750 Very difficult IP/SONET $6-35 IP/Ethernet $1-3 $1k $150-450 Yes GigE Advantage 8:1 - 13:1 5:1 5:1 – 8:1 Source: Yipes, Dell ‘Oro, Yankee Group, Extreme Networks, Juniper Networks Assumes a regional networks with fibe hubs and 10 rings

Yipes Service Provisioning Flexible service provisioning Up to 100Mbps within 24 hours Up to 1Gbps with 72 hours Auto-provisioning via website Partnership with Syndesis Guaranteed SLAs monitored by customer Automatic credit Yipes Customer Care

Putting the Service into SLAs Guaranteed QoS Throughput and Latency Monitored by Customer Credit given when SLAs missed Latency Throughput Bits in/sec Bits out/sec

New Age Service Provisioning “Extreme Ethernet EverywhereTM” Tremendous cost savings over traditional SONET/SDH + ATM Eliminates multiple “truck rolls” Provision changes in minutes Reduced operational costs Optimized for data WAN connectivity at LAN speeds QoS with Service Level Agreements

Extreme is Ahead of the Market Ethernet Everywhere™ The next logical step Expanding from the customer premise to the metropolitan area Adding critical requirements Broadband switching Resiliency and redundancy Provisioning bandwidth Data optimized Long- and medium-reach optics 10 gigabit optical WDM Internet Core MAN MAN MAN LL: Add “Internet Protocol (IP) Everywhere” slide from corp pres before this slide. The one that has the cloud in the middle with the four diff apps. You need to set up your argument for EN in the MAN.

Architectural Positioning of 10GE HIGHER LAYERS OSI Layer Model LLC Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical MAC CONTROL (Optional) MAC – Media Access Control LAN PHY WAN PHY PHY MEDIUM Serial 850nm optics WWDM 1310nm optics Serial 1550nm optics Serial 1310nm optics PMD

Cost Comparison - Ethernet vs. SDH OC-3 OC-12 OC-48 $ Per Gigabit of Bandwidth OC-192 1G Eth 10G Eth This diagram illustrates the cost effectiveness of SDH and Ethernet equipment. First, a couple of points to note: The scale on the left is logarithmic. Due to the huge difference in cost, a logarithmic scale is the only way to compare on a single graph. The left-hand scale shows the cost per Gigabit of Bandwidth. For example, in order to buy a gigabits worth of bandwidth using OC-3 ports, about 6.5 ports would be needed – costing $6,229 each (in year 2000). So the total price for one Gigabit’s worth of OC-3 is $40,118. At each point, SDH/sonet technology comes in at around 10 times the cost of the equivalent Ethernet technology. Put another way, a service provider can spend $3million or $30million on building a network infrastructure to handle a given amount of traffic. Of course, these are capital costs – in addition, there is the cost to install and maintain these technologies. Due to its simplicity, Ethernet ongoing costs will be much less than SDH/sonet. As bandwidth becomes more of a commodity, Ethernet technology allows the MAN/RAN service provider to operate on a radically different cost model. Or to put it another way, operate with higher margins ! Source: Dell’Oro Group

Industry analyst predictions 10 Gigabit Ethernet revenue in WAN/MAN will grow over 2500% to $1.8 Billion in 2003 10 Gigabit Ethernet market will reach $3.6 Billion in 2004 10 Gigabit Ethernet will start significant LAN penetration in 2003 By 2004, over 800,000 ports of 10 Gigabit Ethernet will exist, most of which will be in the WAN and MAN

Ethernet Scalability 5 years ago connections were predominatly 10Mbps Ethernet with Fast Ethernet just being introduced as a competing technology to FDDI. At that time, a scalable ATM solution looked attractive. Moreover, 5 years ago there was no Layer-3 switching. Layer-2 switched networks do not scale very well and s/w based routers where bottlenecks Today, Ethernet is offered at 10, 100 & 1000Mbps and 10Gigabit Ethernet products are expected shortly. So in fact, Ethernet has turned out to be more scalable that ATM. Also, the introduction of Layer-3 switching (aka routing) means we can build VERY scalable networks with Ethernet and L3 switches.

Further information www.10gea.org www.ieee802.org/3/ae/ Applications Presentations Whitepapers Events Interoperability www.ieee802.org/3/ae/ Full technical detail Standards progress

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